Manifesting foreign rule: Xenocratic administration and its spatial-visual presence in the Southern Netherlands in the 17th and 18th centuries

鉴于异族统治在近代早期作为一种统治形式的广泛存在，以及在这个时代，符号传播对制度秩序的创造和稳定所起的重要作用，通过建筑和视觉媒体在被治理省份中调解、合法化和感知异族统治关系的问题尤为迫切。该项目接近这一主题，这一主题在现代早期几乎没有被艺术史学家系统地研究过，它以一个具体的异族政体为例，在研究期间也经历了宗主权的变化：17世纪末和18世纪的南荷兰总督。子项目A致力于维特尔斯巴赫选帝侯马克斯·伊曼纽尔（1692-1706年总督），当时该地区仍是西班牙哈布斯堡王朝（1522/56-1714）的一部分，而子项目B考察了18世纪后期的同一地区，当时它在西班牙继承战争（1714-1795）后落入奥地利之家。这里特别有趣的是全权大臣乔治·亚当·冯·施塔亨伯格（1770-83）在总督卡尔·亚历山大·冯·洛林根（1744-80）和总督夫妇奥地利的玛丽·克里斯汀和萨克森-德申的阿尔伯特·卡西米尔（1780-93）的统治时期。这是一种文化接近条件下的异族统治，因为在南荷兰与西班牙和奥地利之间已经有许多纠缠和文化交流。然而，外来概念长期以来一直是统治观念的构成要素。待研究对象的光谱是多种多样的。它包括作为仪式和仪式形式的行动阶段的建筑和装饰项目，其中外国统治在现场获得认可，并为统治者和被统治者之间的互动提供了空间和视觉媒介框架，但同时也可以启动独立的感知、接受和转化过程：总督和主要官员的宫殿和乡村住宅，统治者和官员的肖像以及他们从宫殿到印刷媒体的展示都很有趣。此外，移动或短暂的表演形式的视觉互动和与当地居民的交流，例如在节日文化和统治者崇拜的背景下（游行或招待会，也有奖章）将被考虑。在这些材料的基础上，将从比较的角度来考察异族统治在现场的动态，以及建筑和视觉媒体在异族统治的表现和与之相关的外来属性的稳定或连续拆除中所起的作用。

Regarding the widespread occurrence of xenocracy as a type of rule in the early modern period as well as the important role of symbolic communication for the creation and stabilisation of institutional orders in this epoch, the question of the mediation, legitimisation and perception of xenocratic rule relationships in the governed provinces by means of architectural and visual media is particularly urgent. The project approaches this topic, which has hardly been systematically investigated by art historians in the early modern period, using a concrete constellation of xenocracy as an example, which also experienced a change of suzerainty during the period under investigation: the governorship of the Southern Netherlands in the late 17th and 18th centuries. Subproject A is devoted to the Wittelsbach Elector Max Emanuel (governor 1692-1706) when the territory was still part of the possessions of the Spanish line of the Habsburgs (1522/56-1714), while subproject B examines the same region in the late 18th century, when it fell to the House of Austria after the War of the Spanish Succession (1714-1795). Of particular interest here is the period of administration of the plenipotentiary minister Georg Adam von Starhemberg (1770-83) under the governor Karl Alexander von Lothringen (1744-80) and the governor couple Marie Christine of Austria and Albert Kasimir of Saxony-Teschen (1780-93). This was a xenocracy under the conditions of cultural proximity, because there were already many entanglements and cultural exchanges between the Southern Netherlands and Spain and Austria. Nevertheless, concepts of foreignness has long been a constitutive element of the perception of rule. The spectrum of objects to be studied is diverse. It includes architectural and decoration projects as stages of ceremonial and ritual forms of action, in which foreign rule gained recognition on site and which provided a spatial and visual-medial framework for the interaction between rulers and ruled, but which at the same time could also set in motion independent processes of perception, reception and transformation: Palaces and country residences of governors and leading officials, portraits of rulers and officials together with their presentation from the palace to the print medium are of interest. In addition, mobile or ephemeral-performative forms of visual interaction and communication with the local population, for example in the context of festive culture and the cult of rulers (parades or receptions, but also medals) will be considered. On the basis of these materials, the dynamics of the exercise of xenocracy on site will be examined from a comparative perspective, as well as the role that architectural and visual media played in the representation of xenocratic rule and in the stabilisation or successive dismantling of the ascriptions of foreignness associated with it.