A Comparative Analysis of Technology Management of Software Embedded Complex Systems Development

在第一年，开发了一种创新的分析方法，基于技术管理，技术经济学，技术政策，创新社会学，复杂系统理论的多学科方法。三个集团之间基于各自的相对优势建立了互补关系。第二年进行了主要数据收集。我们使用技术经济网络的框架，对机器人技术创新体系和不断变化的范式进行了比较研究。基于我们分析复杂系统的框架，我们分析了远程医疗在日本前范式阶段的扩散，作为通过政府、企业和医疗界等不同行为者之间合作开发的复杂系统扩散的案例研究。我们能够找出阻碍远程医疗广泛传播的因素，这些因素主要是非技术性的。对英国和日本的电信系统发展进行了比较分析。我们的团队专注于分析以NTT Docomo为中心的移动的电话和设备制造商的技术战略。此外，还对日本、美国和欧洲飞机制造商的技术战略进行了研究。在宏观一级，对与复杂系统开发有关的政府政策进行了分析。综合了宏观、中观、微观和理论层面的各种分析结果，并就开发复杂系统的技术管理战略提出了建议。1999年11月25日至26日，在东京工业大学举行了最后一次会议，邀请了合作者和大约70名观众，我们能够获得对我们项目的积极反馈。

In the first year, an innovative method of analysis was developed, based on a combined multidisciplinary approach in technology management, technoeconomics, technology policy, sociology of innovation, complex system theory. A complementary relationship was built among the three groups based on their relative advantages. The main data gathering was conducted in the second year. We conducted a comparative study on the system of innovation in robotics and the changing paradigms using a framework of technoeconomic network. Based on our framework of analyzing complex systems, we analyzed the diffusion of telemedicine in Japan in the pre-paradigmatic phase, as a case study of diffusion of a complex system which is developed through collaboration between different actors, such as government, firms and the medical community. We were able to find out the factors preventing the wide spread diffusion of telemedicine, which were mainly non-technological. An UK-Japan comparative analysis of telecommunications system development was carried out. Our team focused on an analysis of the technology strategies of mobile phone and equipment makers centered around NTT Docomo. In addition, a study on the Japanese, US European aircraft manufacturers' technology strategies was carried out. At the macro level, an analysis of the government policies related to complex system development was carried out. The findings from the various analyses at the macro, meso, micro, and theoretical level were integrated, and recommendations on technology management strategies to develop complex systems were made. The final conference, inviting the collaborators, plus an audience of about 70 people, took place at Tokyo Institute of Technology on Nov 25-26, 1999 and we were able to obtain positive feedback on our project.