Hydrodynamically-dominated Ecosystem in Mangrove Estuaries

根据USM在马来西亚西北部布江河口进行的实地调查，马来西亚半岛西北部的马来半岛提供了一些红树林河口特有的有趣物理特征：即河口潮汐不对称，淡水流入造成分层，小溪的垂直混合模式取决于潮汐幅度和降雨量，尤其是在雨季；小溪漫溢水进入沼泽，反之亦然。布江口是松盖Merbok河口的一个分支，全长约4公里，有18个弯道，宽50m，深8m。因此，布江口的尺度在实地调查中是非常有用的。在这些观测结果的基础上，建立了小溪沼泽系统的二维正压流模型(DIVAST)和三维斜压流模型(ODEM)的耦合模型，并对其进行了检验，以集成水、物质和营养物质的传输过程。该模型与布江河口的观测结果吻合较好，在检验其潜力的同时，也被应用于提高对物理过程的定量理解。

According to the field surveys in Bujang Estuary conducted by USM in the north-west side of Malaysia Peninsular provide some interesting physical features peculiar to mangrove estuaries ; namely, asymmetric pattern of tidal flow observed in an estuary mouth, stratification due to freshwater inflow and vertical mixing pattern in creeks depending on the tidal amplitude and rainfall especially in wet season ; and inundation of overflowing water from creeks into swamps, and vice versa. The Bujang Estuary is one of branches Sungai Merbok Estuary, and it is about 4 km with 18 bends and 50 m wide and 8 m deep at the mouth. Therefore, the scale of Bujang Estuary is very useful in field surveys. Based on these observation results, a coupling two-dimensional barotropic flow model (DIVAST) and three-dimensional baroclinic flow modelling (ODEM) in a creek and swamp system are developed and examined for integrating the transport processes of water, substances and nutrient. The proposed model is found to be good agreement with observation results in Bujang Estuary.Alter examining the its potential, the model is also applied to improve understanding of physical processes quantitatively.