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Study on change of soil and soil layers in rice field by modern farming technique and state of consolidation of field foundation

现代农耕技术对稻田土壤、土层变化及田地基础固结状况研究

基本信息

批准号：
09556051
负责人：
KOMAMURA Masaharu
金额：
$ 4.16万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Agriculture
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It is necessary that the production cost reduces for the paddy field rice crop in our country. The growing technique which is different from the conventional rice crop is necessary to do the becoming of the low cost which progress rapidly and for the labor productivity to improve. It is necessary to introduce the new technique which is represented by direct seeding and no-tilled cropping which should change to the rice paddy planting.The purpose of this study is the establishment of the state for where the rice field basis to the new technique is desirable. The investigation field were the rice field implementing the modern rice crop growing as follows :- The rice field which is implementing no-tilled cropping (Akita prefecture)- The rice field which is implementing plowing and direct seeding (Chiba prefecture)- The rice field which is implementing no-tilled and direct seeding (Okayama prefecture)In the case in Okayama and Chiba prefecture which is implementing dry rice field direct seeding, the workability in the dry rice field condition improved, didn't make yield so decline, and it was seemed favorite from the labor productivity. Also, the attention point of consolidation of foundation as dry seeding rice field, too, was put in order. By the case of no-tilled cropping at Hachiro-gata, Akita prefecture, the yield didn't decline and the productivity was improving, the various creatures are inhabiting the paddy field, and it was the way of growing to have considered the ecosystem. By also the rice field of no-tilled direct seeding, There are progress of the soil structure and improvement of the soil physical properties, there was not a problem in the productivity compared with the transplantation growing of the practice.Of the future, The relation between the new way of growing and the rice field soil, especially, grasp the change of the soil layer structure and its characteristics, or the change of the ecosystem must be taken.

降低我国水稻生产成本势在必行。为了快速实现低成本化和提高劳动生产率，需要采用与传统水稻作物不同的种植技术。有必要引进以直播、免耕为代表的新技术，改变水稻种植方式。本研究的目的是建立适合新技术的稻田基础。调查田地为实施现代水稻作物种植的稻田，如下所示： - 实施免耕种植的稻田（秋田县） - 实施耕整直播的稻田（千叶县） - 实施免耕直播的稻田（冈山县）在实施旱稻田直播的冈山县和千叶县的情况下，旱稻田条件下的作业性提高了，并没有使产量如此下降，而且从劳动生产率来看似乎更受青睐。另外，作为旱稻田的基础巩固的注意点也得到了整理。以秋田县八郎泻的免耕种植为例，产量没有下降，生产力正在提高，各种生物都栖息在稻田里，这是考虑到生态系统的种植方式。免耕直播稻田，土壤结构也有进步，土壤物理性状有所改善，与实践中的移栽种植相比，生产力不存在问题。今后，新的种植方式与稻田土壤的关系，特别是要把握土层结构及其特征的变化，或者生态系统的变化。