Microscopic study on crushability and compressibility of residual soils

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We consider that phenomena of particle crushing should be regarded as progressive and time dependent behaviour. The outcomes of the research maybe summarized in the following four points.(1) Evidences of time dependent behavior related to particle crushing have been gathered from a comprehensive literature survey and categorically summarized. It has become clear that time dependent behavior can be observed with particle crushing, without dissipation of pore water pressure(2) Crushing characteristics of single particle were studied by conducting a series of crushing tests on quarts particles obtained from weathered granite at Hiroshima prefecture. It was found from the tests that crushing strength depends on particle size and the probability of occurrence of the number of fracture exponentially decreases.(3) One dimensional compression tests were carried out on the specimens formed by a stack of crushable cylindrical materials, from which observed failure mechanisms were classified. It was found that the accumulated number of crushed cylinders reached at 30% when the compression curve exhibits yielding and the two distinct mechanisms were split failure and compression failure a the contact points.(4) Long-term Two dimensional bearing tests of rigid footing were conducted for the model ground consisting of crushable cylinders. It was confirmed that the time-dependent behavior was observed and the formation of slip line was strongly associated with the rotation of the cylinders.