Design of cross-ventilation in residential houses and its thermal effect.

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1. Thermal Effect of Cross-ventilationIn order to examine the thermal effect of cross-ventilation, were conducted the measurements of climatic environments at the same time in the two dwellings, one with windows opened and another with windows closed, and the vote experiments on thermal sensations using human subjects. There is difference of around 2 in terms of PMV between the two dwellings. Remarkable effect of cross-ventilation is shown especially when outdoor air temperature is 28-30゜C, as about 70% of the cases of the ventilated room remain in the comfort zone. Using regression equations between outdoor and indoor climatic factors obtained from measured data, nomograms were presented for calculating PMV in the cross-ventilated room with parameters of outdoor air temperature and wind speed.2. Design of Cross-ventilation in Apartment HousesThe wind tunnel experiments were conducted for design of cross-ventilation from the viewpoint of the arrangement of apartment buildings and plann … More ing of dwelling unit. For arrangement of apartment buildings pressure difference between the front and back sides of buildings, inducing forces of cross-ventilation, were mainly measured with 1/400-scaled building models. Main parameters were building height, volume ratio to lot area, arrangement of models and wind direction. For planning of dwelling unit air flow distribution was mainly measured with 1/5-scaled dwelling models with one or two rooms.3. Potential of Utilization of Cross-ventilationFor examination of potential of utilization of cross-ventilation in the apartments in the urban area, wind environment of 20 cities mainly composed of seaside city was analysed separately in the daytime and the nighttime, using AMeDAS data. In the most of seaside cities it was clearly shown that prevailing wind direction is that from the sea in the day and the reverse at night. This implies that we can use sea breeze for cross-ventilation if the orientation is properly considered in designing buildings. Less