Cryopreservation of sperm of marine organisms and its utilization in fisheries.

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1. The possibility of long term cryopreservation of fancy carp sperm and the quality of the fry hatched from the eggs which were inseminated with the cryopreserved sperm were investigated. It was observed that the sperms preserved for three years did not show any decrease in fertilizing capacity. It was showed that the fry from the eggs inseminated with preserved sperm were by no means inferior to the fry from the eggs inseminated with fresh sperm in growth and malformation of fry.2. The advantage between pellet and straw method of fish sperm preservation were compared in the routine work of seedling production of Amago salmon and rainbow trout. Higher fertility and reproducibility were obtained by the sperm preserved by the pellet method.3. The hybridization between male Crimson sea bream and female red sea bream was performed after cryopreservation of the former sperm for 103 days. The embryonic development of the hybrid was normal and the growth of the fry was slightly inferior to that of red sea bream. The body color was brighter in the hybrid as compared to cultured maternal red sea bream. It could be expected that the commercial value was higher in the hybrid.4. The effects of cooling rate were studied on the survival and the fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sea urchin sperm. The spermatozoa were injured at the acrosome in the cooling rate slower than 4 C/min. The survival of the sperm was lower for cooling rate faster than 10 C/min. The estimated fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm was 1/10 to 1/100 of the fresh sperm.5. Appropriate conditions were investigated for the cryopreservation of oyster sperm. Highest fertilizing capacity could be achieved by using 3/4 sea water containing DMSO and three minutes equilibration period. The estimated capacity of cryopreserved sperm ranged from 1/100 to 1/1000 of that of fresh sperm.