Studies on the fracture process and morphology of fractured surface in wood and wood-based materials.

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Fractographic investigations have been carried out in many fields of wood science and technology. The cooperative investigators from those fields had meetings on the subject, and examined the important problems concerned with this subject in their fields.1) Two basic types of failure are found in wood specimens mechanically damaged. One is failure in which complete or incomplete separations occur between elements or within each element in wood, the other is failure in which buckling or bending occur in the wall of elements. Typical forms of each failure type were illustrated in the report.2) Early wood and late wood in softwood showed quite different failure forms. Moisture content in wood and temperature during loading considerably affected the failure forms and structure of fractured surfaces.3) Fatigue failure forms by repeated bending depended on vibration methods(one-sided or both-sided).4) A clear difference was found between bonding with phenolic resin adhesive and that with urea.5) The failure forms of decayed wood were remarkably different from those of sound wood. The kind of decay(ex. white-rot and brown-rot) affected the structure of fractured surfaces in decayed wood.6) Technical terms used in fractography of wood and wood-based materials were listed in the report.