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Investigation of Electric Structure of Snowfall-cloud by Simultaneous Observation of Electricity Sonde and Radar

电力探空仪和雷达同步观测研究降雪云的电力结构

基本信息

批准号：
60540254
负责人：
ENDOH Tatsuo
金额：
$ 1.66万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60540254/
关键词：
WINTER THUNDERSTORM POSITIVE DISCHARGE CHARGE GENERATION MECHANISM ELECTRICITY SONDE SNOWFALL CLOUD レーダ

项目摘要

To investigate the atmospheric electric structure of winter thunderclouds,some simultaneous observation were carried out by means of electricity sondes and a radar. The electricity sonde is composed of a part of measuring electric charges on precipitation particles and another part of measuring atmospheric electric potential gradient in the clouds.In the six cases of the seven cases obtained, electric fields were observed to be positive in the lower part of the clouds or around cloud bases and negative in the upper part of the clouds or near cloud tops.The sign of electric charge on the precipitation particles were observed to be inverse relation with the sign of electric fields.In the most typical case, precipitation echoes obtained (RHI) by the radar had a verga shape which meaned that charge separation occured not only vertically but also horisontally. Accordingly, positive space charge in the middle level of the clouds or positive precipitation charges in the upper level of the clouds may be considered to reveal for the ground directly. This is the reason why positive ground discharge occurs predominantly in winter thunderclouds.

为了研究冬季雷暴云的大气电性结构，用电探空仪和雷达进行了同步观测。电探空仪由测量降水粒子上电荷和测量云中大气电位梯度两部分组成，在所获得的7种情况中的6种情况下，在云的下部或云底附近观测到正电场，在云的上部或云顶附近观测到负电场，在最典型的情况下，雷达获得的降水回波（RHI）具有一个verga形状，这意味着电荷分离不仅在垂直方向上发生，而且在水平方向上也发生。因此，可以认为云中中层的正空间电荷或云中上层的正降水电荷直接对地面显示。这就是为什么正地面放电主要发生在冬季雷暴云。