Researched of biological adaptation and physical fitness at high-altitude environment.

1.测量和分析了5名医学生在山谷山2400米上山和下山过程中的心率(HR)。在海拔600m(基线)、1800m、2400m进行调查。在跑步机(低于180次/分钟，HR)上跑步时测量通气量、氧气摄入量和二氧化碳排出量。通过对这些数据的分析，估计了最大耗氧量(VO2-max)，并证实了VO2-max更多地依赖于通气量，而不是心率。用心率指数评价大鼠对高原的耐受能力。结果表明，白纹伊蚊的存活时间不仅与海拔高度有关，还与温度有关，高温下存活时间缩短，低温下存活时间延长。对高原习服动物鼠兔(Sakai)的研究发现，尽管非习服动物普遍存在肺动脉高压，但未发现肺动脉高压，红细胞压积较低。在高海拔地区发生适应不良时，会出现高原反应或高原肺水肿。将DBcAMP应用于肺制备，观察症状缓解情况。在高原低温条件下，大鼠的产热首先增加。在长期暴露于这样的条件下，热损失的预防机制逐渐形成。棕色脂肪组织对热量的产生起着重要作用，Yanagidaira发现在营养充足的情况下，这种组织重量增加。局部冷暴露可使兔耳血管出现冷诱发的血管振荡。针刺使这些振荡变得巨大。这可以被认为是攀岩(武冈)时冻伤的防御反应。作为这些研究的总结，国际高原医学研讨会于1987年11月在松本举行。日本和外国研究人员讨论了高原医学和生物学。

1. Heart rates (HR) of five medical students were measured and analyzed throughout the ascent and descent Mt Yatsugatake (2,400 m). Some investigations were also made at the altitudes of 600 m (beseline), 1,800 m, and 2,400 m. By using senior high school students and housewives, the HR. ventilation, oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide output were measured during the running on a treadmill (under 180 beats / min, HR). Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2-max) was estimated by analyzing these data and the fact that VO2-max depends more on ventilation than HR was proved.2. Tolerant ability of rats to high altitude was investigated with HR index. It was concluded that the servival time depended on not only altitude but temperature, since the time was shortened in high temperature and prolonged in low one. From the study of Pika that is an animal adapted to high altitude (Sakai) the pulmonary hypertension was not found and the low hematocrit was shown although pulmonary hypertension was common in non-adapted animals. When maladaptation occurred at high altitude, mountain sickness or high altitude pulmonary edema followed. The remission of symptoms was observed when DBcAMP was applied to the lung preparation.3. For the low temperature at high altitude, heat production in rats increased at first. Under prolonged exposure to such condition, the preventive mechanism of heat loss developed. Brown adipose tisse plays an important role for heat production, and the increase of this tissue weight under sufficient nutrition was found by Yanagidaira.4. By local cold exposure, cold induced vasooscillation appeared in rabbit-ear vessels. Needle puncture made these oscillations gigantic. It can be considered as defensive reactions of frostbite in climbing (Takeoka).5. As a summary of these researches, International Symposium of High-altitude Medical Science was held in Novmber 1987 in Matsumoto. Japan and foreign researchers discussed about high-altitude medicine and biology.