Studies on the Production of Tetrodotoxin and the Toxification of Pufferfish.

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1. In this research, the tetrodotoxin (TTX) productive bacteria isolated from Jania sp., Octopus maculosus, Zosimus aeneus, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and pufferfishes are 19 strains of Vibrio naceae including 6 strains of V. alginolyticus sp., 8 strains of Pseudomonas alteromonas sp. including A. alga sp. nov. and A. tetrodonas sp. nov. and Sewanella putrefaciens sp., but the TTX productive capacity of these bacteria is decrease extremely when cultured in a culture medium or preserved for a long time. Therefore, the explanation of TTX bio-synthesis or toxification of pufferfish with these bacteria are task of extreme difficulty.2. New detective method of TTX in urine or plasma was discovered.3. TTX analogs identified from pufferfish are 6-epi TTX and 11-deoxy TTX, and from newt are 6-epi TTX, 11-deoxy TTX, anhydro-6-epi TTX, 11-deoxy-4-epi TTX and anhydro-11-deoxy TTX.4. When njected TTX and anhydro TTX mixture (1 : 4) to abdominal cavity of pufferfishes, the reciprocal conversion between both are very few. Accordingly, it is out of the bonds of possibility that anhydro TTX is the source of TTX in pufferfish.5. Nonpoisonous pufferfishes bred with poisonous pufferfihes in the sea water contained high percentage of antibiotics are toxify, so it is probable that a TTX productive bacteria is not the source of toxification in research.6. Toxicity of japanese newt is more than toxicity of poisonous pufferfish's liver.7. TTX is not need to spawning and growth in poisonous pufferfish.