A theoretical and positive research of temporary increase rule of process capacity for absorbing fluctuation of demand in make-to-order business

在工作车间中，管理层控制生产能力，以适应到达的工作的工作量的波动。生产能力的控制可以通过加班、外派订单、临时工等方式来完成，本文分析了临时产能增加控制的行为特征，并提出了该系统的设计步骤。在这种情况下，车间必须知道什么时候增加产能，增加多少产能，否则机器可能会因为工作到达和工作时间的波动而闲置。这不是运力增加预期的结果。当生产能力由临时增加控制时，其增加的时机(何时增加)和大小(增加多少)是一个问题。得到了以下结果：(1)等待时间(或期末积压)、空闲时间和顾客流失率的特征。(2)积压可以成为一种缓冲，当需求下降时，有积压可以减少闲置时间在车间出现的机会。在大规模生产车间中，作业中的积压与库存同等重要。(3)提出了车间正向适度的积压数量和临时、及时地增加生产能力的控制方法，并对其效果进行了分析。(4)提出了该控制系统的设计步骤。

In a job shop, management controls the production capacity in order to absorb the fluctuation of the quantity of work for the arriving jobs. The control of production capacity may be accomplished by overtime work, outside order and temporary employees outside regular personnel etc.In this research, behavior characteristics that is controlled by temporarily production capacity increase are analyzed and some procedures for designing of this system are proposed.In such a case, the shop must know when to increase the capacity and by how much, or machines may become idle because of the fluctuations in job arrivals and working time. This is not the result expected from a capacity increase. When the production capacity is controlled by temporary increase, its timing (when to increase) and magnitude(by how much) are problems.The following results are obtained.(1) Characteristics of waiting time(or backlog at the end of the period), idle time and rate of losing customers are investigated.(2)Backlog can become a buffer in the sense that when demand falls, having backlog reduces the chance of idle time onset in the shop. It is insisted that the backlog acting in job is as important as inventory in largescale production shop.(3) A control that the shop has positively moderate quantity of backlog and increase the production capacity temporarily and timely is proposed, and the effect is analyzed.(4) Some procedures for designing of this control system are proposed.