International Bio-sociopsychiatric Study of Children with Emotional-behavioural Problems

作为这项研究的第一阶段，对有情绪行为问题的儿童进行了一项国际流行病学研究。日本的受试者为来自普通人群的2，638名小学儿童（PS）和1，091名中学儿童（SS），以及65名小学儿童（PSP）和176名中学儿童（SSP），他们被转介到精神科诊所。在中国，2,432名小学生（PS）进行了调查。父母量表得分高的儿童偏差行为发生率日本为12.2%（PS）、6.6%（SS）、58.5%（PSP）、39.8%（SSP），中国为7.0%（PS）。教师量表偏差率日本为3.9%（PS）、2.7%（SS）、90.8%（PSP）、29.8%（SSP），中国为8.3%（PS）。在日本和中国，男孩比女孩更偏离，那些学习成绩差的人更偏离。在中国，家庭背景与儿童的异常行为密切相关，但这在日本不适用。本研究的最后一个阶段是对日本和中国的正常行为儿童（N）和异常行为儿童（D）以及精神科门诊的注意缺陷障碍儿童（ADD）进行脑电图研究。在日本和中国，N和D的频率直方图模式没有差异，ADD的频率直方图模式向较慢的频带移动。至于各种EEG测量，N和D之间没有差异，ADD的慢波测量值高于N和D，α和β波测量值低于N和D。从总体结果来看，一般人群中的偏差行为儿童似乎源于社会心理的因果因素，而ADD似乎源于生物因素，如大脑成熟滞后。

As the first phase of this study, an international epidemiological study of children with emotional-behavioural problems was performed. The subjects in Japan were 2,638 primary school children (PS) and 1,091 secondary school children (SS) from the general population, and 65 primary school children (PSP) and 176 secondary school children (SSP) who refered to psychiatric clinics. In China, 2,432 primary school children (PS) were investigated. The prevalence of deviant behaviour children who showed a high-score on parent's scale was 12.2%(PS), 6.6%(SS), 58.5%(PSP), and 39.8%(SSP) in Japan, 7.0%(PS) in China. The prevalence of deviance with teacher's scale was 3.9%(PS), 2.7%(SS), 90.8%(PSP), and 29.8%(SSP) in Japan, 8.3%(PS) in China. Both in Japan and China, boys were more deviant than girls and those with poor school achievement were more deviant. In China, family background was associated strongly with deviant behaviour of children, but this could not apply in Japan. Both in Japan and China, no association was found between sibship size or birth order and deviant behaviour.As the last phase of this study, an electroencephalographic study was performed concerning normal behaviour children (N) and deviant behaviour children (D) from the general population, and attention deficit disorder from psychiatric clinics (ADD) in Japan and China. Both in Japan and China, frequency histogram pattern did not differ between N and D, and that of ADD shifted to slower frequency band. As for various EEG measures, there were no differences between N and D, and slow wave measures were higher and alpha and beta wave measures were lower in ADD than in N and D. From overall results, the deviant behaviour children from the general population seemed to stem from socio-psychological causal factors, and the ADD seems to arise from biological factor such as brain maturation lag.