Formation of the Optimum Mass Transfer System in Agricultural Land

为了明确农田物质循环的最佳条件，对土壤中水分、溶质和微固体的耦合运动进行了研究和分析.溶质运移方面的工作：提出了土壤溶质浓度的四元法。通过大量的数据系统地展示了土壤蒸发积盐、含盐地下水对土壤的钠化作用过程和施钙改良苏打土的过程。结果表明，可以用考虑土壤离子交换的土壤水分运移数学模型进行分析.土壤中微颗粒运移的研究：研究了含悬浮粘粒的水入渗时，土壤中微颗粒的捕获现象。这些数据有助于理解土壤渗透的减少和通过土壤清除水分的机制。关于渗透的著作 ...更多信息 分层土壤：研究表明，土壤层间边界线在下层形成特征流，并在二维平面上分析了流动方向.水蚀方面的工作：观测了降雨条件下形成的土壤结皮的物理性质，详细说明了土壤结皮的低渗透性对土壤侵蚀量的影响.其它与生物有关的工作：设计了植物根系伸长力和伸长速率的测量方法，并进行了测量。得到了土壤硬度与土壤含水量之间的关系。本文研究了旱地土壤中微生物的活动及其对土壤水分入渗的影响，并在此基础上建立了水分、溶质和固体颗粒同时运动系统的数学模型，由东京大学出版社出版，以便于应用。少

In order to make clear the optimum conditions of materials circulation in agricultural land, the coupling movement of water, solutes and micro-solids in soil were examined and analyzed.1. The works on solute transport : The four-method was newly devised to solute concentration in soil. The salt accumulation in soil by evaporation, the process of soil sodicification by groundwater containing salts, and the reclamation process of sodic soils by applying Calcium were systematically shown through much data. It was shown that the results could be analyzed by using a mathematical simultaneous-transport model considering ions exchange in soil.2. The works on micro-solids transport : The captured phenomena of micro-solids in soil were shown in the case which water containing the suspended clay particles infiltrated into soil. The data resulted in understanding the decreases of soil percolation and in understanding the mechanisms of water clearing by means of soil.3. The works on infiltration i … More nto layered soil : That the boundary lines between layers in soil made a characteristic flow in lower layer was shown, and the direction of flow was analyzed in two-dimensional planes.4. The works on water erosion : The physical properties of crusts formed under rainfall were observed and it was shown in details that the low permeability of crusts affected on the amount of eroded soil.5. The works on the others concerning living things : The method measuring the force and rate of plant root elongation was devised and the measurements were carried out. The relationships between the force and soil hardness were obtained as functions of water contents. The activities of microorganism in uplands were wxamined and it was shown that they affected on water infiltration into soil.On basis of the above results, the system of simultaneous movement of water, solute and solid particles was constructed as a mathematical model and published by the Tokyo University Press in order to make its utilization convenient. Less