Mandala of Making Pilgrimages to Buddhist Temples and Shinto shrines : A Study from the aspects of historiography, Iconography and Historical Geography

目的：从中世纪晚期到近代早期，日本的宗教、社会和知识方面的转变迄今为止在很大程度上被历史学家所忽视，尽管这些方面的线索可以在当代流行的绘画中找到，比如宗教场所朝圣的曼陀罗。本研究旨在对这些绘画作品的历史来源进行基本调查，在全国范围内找到可用的艺术作品并建立其设计和图像数据库，并研究传播曼荼罗所蕴含的故事的传道者的生活，并重建个别艺术作品中所描绘的路线。结果：在建议研究的头两年，由黑田教授领导的小组取得了以下成果，虽然其中许多尚未完全完成：(1)根据口头和书面查询，并参考由大阪Ci…More ty博物馆编制的已出版的图文目录，已基本建立了一个数据库，其中包含了约200件原始艺术作品的信息；(2)在对京都附近的33个观音寺的现状进行反复调查后，已经完成了一份关于清泉寺朝圣的初步报告，并准备出版关于大阪的濑福寺和滋贺的知美寺的类似报告；(3)关于民间崇拜、流行艺人和社会边缘人士的资料来源也正在进行基本调查；(4)在已经找到、拍摄和检查的十界曼荼罗的各种文本的基础上，完成了一篇题为《十界曼荼罗的宇宙》的完整论文，并在本项目向文武会的正式报告中印刷；(5)阐明以曼荼罗为框架描绘的日月、云、山、石、河、塘、海、树、灌木和人物的象征意义的努力，将在两年内以文章的形式发表。少

Aim: The religious, social and intellectual aspects of the transition from late medieval to early modern times in Japan has so far been largely neglected by historians, although clues to these aspects can be found in such contemporary popular paintings as mandalas of pilgrimages to religious establishments. This study aims to conduct a basic survey of historical sources concerning the production of these paintings, to locate available art works throughout the country and build up a database of their design and iconography, and to examine the lives of the racontours who preached on the stories embodied in the mandala as well as reconstructing the routes depicted in the individual art works.Results: In the first two years of the proposed study, the group headed by Professor Kuroda has attained the following results, although many of them are not yet fully com-pleted: (1) Based on oral and written inquiries, and with reference to a published il-lustrated catalogue compiled by the Osaka Ci … More ty museum, a database for information on the about 200 original art works located has been substantially prepared; (2) After repeated surveys of present-day conditions at the 33 Kannon Monasteries in the neighbor-hood of Kyoto, a preliminary report on the pilgrimage to Kiyomizu-dera has been com-pleted for publication and preparations for similar reports have been made concerning Sefukuji in Osaka and Chomeiji in Shiga; (3) Basic surveys are also in progress for sources relating to folk worship, popular entertainers and socially marginal persons; (4) On the various texts of the Kanshin jikkai mandara (The Ten Spiritual Worls Mandala) already located, photographed and examined, a full paper entitled "The Cosmos of Kan-shin Jikkai Mandala" was completed, and printed in the official report of this project to the Monbusho; and (5) Efforts made to clarify the symbolic meaning of such items as the sun and moon, clouds, mountains and rocks, rivers, ponds and the sea, trees and bushes, as well as characters, depicted in the framework of mandalas will, within two years, be published in the form of articles. Less