Mathematical Study on the Structure of Biological Systems and Its Organizational Specificity

生物系统结构及其组织特异性的数学研究

• 批准号: 62540496
• 负责人: SHIGESADA Nanako
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62540496/
• 关键词: Food chain; Indirect effect; Population dynamics; Predation effect; Competition community; Cellular slime mold; Pattern formation; 連銭パターン; 食物連鎖網; 協同進化; 捕食; Food web

In this research we investigated the effects of interactions among constituent elements on the structure formation of a biological system, ranging from cell populations to biological community to ecosystem. By means of mathematical analysis of dynamical system models, the following specific features have been discovered.1. At the ecosystem level, we developed a theoretical means for "unfolding" a food web along trophic levels, i.e., steps of energy and matter processing by constituent biological species. This unfolding tranfomation of food webs reveals the essential strucuture of tophic process. Further, we elucidated the dynamic process by which a change at a local point within a food web directly and indirectly influences other parts of the system and even could modify the entire structure.2. At the biological community level, we investigated the effects of species interactions such as competion and predation on the number and diversity of coexisting species in a community , with foc … More us on characteristic properties of consituent species, to derive a law that determines species composition structure of a community in terms of constituent species characteristics. Also, a theoretical explanation was given for the mechanism and properties of the indirect, positive or negative, effects between predators with no direct interactions.3. We studied the formation of cell differentiation pattern and its regulation mechanism for the cellular slime molds at migrating stage, to show that a typical pattern of slug is explained by assuming different density-dependent dynamics of two types of cells. Further, the addition of a rule for cell type transition which depends on local cell type ratio allows us to explain the regulation of the ratio between the two types of cells for the whole slug. This also guarantees the maintenance of the slug pattern itself. We also analyzed the rouleaux pattern formation of red blood cells, and obtained the results which support the osmotic stress hypothesis for cell aggregation mechanism. Less

在这项研究中，我们研究了组成元素之间的相互作用对生物系统结构形成的影响，从细胞群体到生物群落再到生态系统。通过对动力系统模型的数学分析，发现了以下具体特点： 1．在生态系统层面，我们开发了一种沿着营养级“展开”食物网的理论方法，即组成生物物种的能量和物质处理步骤。食物网的这种展开转变揭示了痛风过程的基本结构。此外，我们阐明了食物网内局部点的变化直接或间接影响系统其他部分甚至可能改变整个结构的动态过程。2．在生物群落层面，我们研究了竞争、捕食等物种相互作用对群落中共存物种数量和多样性的影响，重点关注组成物种的特征属性，推导出由组成物种特征决定群落物种组成结构的规律。同时，对没有直接相互作用的捕食者之间的间接、积极或消极影响的机制和性质给出了理论解释。 3．我们研究了细胞粘菌在迁移阶段的细胞分化模式的形成及其调节机制，以表明蛞蝓的典型模式可以通过假设两类细胞不同的密度依赖性动力学来解释。此外，添加取决于局部细胞类型比率的细胞类型转换规则使我们能够解释整个蛞蝓中两种类型细胞之间的比率的调节。这也保证了段头图案本身的维护。我们还分析了红细胞的轮状图案形成，并获得了支持细胞聚集机制的渗透应激假说的结果。较少的

项目成果

Kobuchi,Y.: Information Processing Letters. 25. 413-415 (1987)

Kobuchi,Y.：信息处理信件。

Kobuchi,Y.: RIMS Report,Kyoto Univ.678. 85-100 (1989)

Kobuchi,Y.：RIMS 报告，京都大学 678。

Shigesada,N.: ""Topics in Applied Mathematics" Spatial Distributions of Dispersing Animals:Effects of Population Pressure and Environmental Heterogeneity" Manchester University Press,

Shigesada,N.：“应用数学主题”分散动物的空间分布：人口压力和环境异质性的影响”曼彻斯特大学出版社，

Matsuda, H.; Kawasaki, K.; Shigesada, N.; Teramoto, E.; Ricciardi, L.: "Evolutionary and ecological stability of prey-predator systems with predatory switching" Lecture Notes in Biomathematics. 71. 172-181 (1987)

松田，H.；

東正彦: "Theoretical Studies of Ecosystems:the Network Perspective"(eds, M. Higashi & B. Burns). (1988)

Masahiko Higashi：“生态系统的理论研究：网络视角”（M. Higashi 和 B. Burns 编辑）（1988 年）。