Studies on morphological features of secretory granules and secretory function of pituitary prolactin cells.

(1)将多巴胺注入宿主动物颈总动脉肾被膜下移植的垂体腺组织后，催乳素(PRL)分泌细胞内的分泌颗粒变小，颗粒周围呈屏障状结构，抑制了激素的释放。(2)妊娠和哺乳期麝鼠的垂体生长激素(GH)分泌细胞内可见棒状分泌颗粒，而PRL-细胞内未见。据我们所知，这是首次在垂体前叶细胞中观察到杆状分泌颗粒。(3)妊娠、哺乳和雌激素处理的麝鼠脑室内可见大量颗粒存在于垂体PRL细胞的粗面内质网中。这一现象可能是过量生产催乳素的一种处置方式。据我们所知，还没有关于PRL细胞中这些脑池内颗粒的报道。(4)垂体GH细胞中的分泌颗粒以及PRL-…糖尿病大鼠更多的细胞，都比正常小，但胰岛素的注射使这些萎缩的变化恢复到接近正常的状态。GH和PRL在同一种细胞的不同分泌颗粒中定位，两种激素共存于同一分泌颗粒中。(6)在正常和冬眠的日本家蝙蝠的脑垂体腺中没有观察到纯的含催乳素的分泌颗粒，只有促性腺激素分泌细胞中有催乳素。但在孕期和哺乳期，PRL细胞和含PRL颗粒的大小及单个细胞中PRL颗粒的比例明显增大。(7)肝部分切除增强了大鼠PRL细胞的形态细胞功能，增加了PRL细胞内颗粒的排出量。较少

(1) By administration of dopamine into the common carotid artery of host animals transplanted pituitary tissues under the kidney capsule the secreting granules in prolactin (PRL) secreting cells became rather smaller and barrier-like structure enclosed the granules, showing inhibition of hormone-release.(2) Rod-shaped secretory granules were observed in pituitary growth hormone (GH) secreting cells, but not in PRL-cells, of pregnant and lactating musk shrew. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerned with rod-shaped secretory granules observed in the anterior pituitary cells.(3) Numerous intracisternal granules were observed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of pituitary PRL-cells in pregnant, lactating and estrogen-treated musk shrew. This phenomenon may indicate one of disposing way of over-produced PRL. No reports, to our knowledge, has been published in regards to these intracisternal granules in PRL-cells.(4) The secretory granules in pituitary GH-cells, as well as PRL- … More cells, of diabetic rats were all smaller than normal ones, but the administration of insulin recovered these atrophic changes to near normal state. This indicates that there is a close relationship between morphological features secretory granules and cellular function.(5) Localization of GH and PRL in separate secretory granules of same cells and coexistence of both hormones in a same granules were observed in the anterior pituitary glands of pregnant rat and musk shrew as well as in lactating musk shrew. Consequently, we recognized the existence of "somatomammotroph".(6) No pure PRL-containing secretory granules were observed in the anterior pituitary glands of normal and hibernating Japanese house bats, and PRL were observed in only somatomammotroph. However, during pregnant and lactating periods the size of PRL-cells and also PRL-contaning granules and the ratio of PRL- granules in the single cell were obviously increased.(7) Partial hepatectomy enhanced morphlolgically cellular function of PRL-cells in the rat, and the granule-extrusion in PRL-cells were increased. Less