Continuity and changes found in the formation of dining and cooking styles in family houses in modern Japan

本研究试图对饮食烹饪生活方式与住宅空间结构之间的关系的延续性和变化进行一个事实性的调查。调查对象是大坂和东京市区的住宅。自20世纪50年代后半期以来，我们日常生活中发生的技术和文化变化促成了住宅新旧因素的重组。被调查的房屋的平面图显示了一种主导趋势，即房屋中的房间以餐厅厨房或起居餐厅为中心排列。在餐厅和烹饪空间的结构中生活的模式，以餐厅厨房的风格进行了重组，是基于房间每天用于家庭活动，招待客人和个人活动的方式，人们发现，无论房屋的大小和房屋空间的结构如何，家庭的公共和私人活动都在与餐厅厨房相邻的房间进行。我们从烹饪和用餐的各种因素之间的相互关系以及将这些因素组合在一起的整体结构出发，研究了被重组为餐厅厨房的烹饪和用餐空间的使用和结构。我们提出了一种方法，通过这种方法，烹饪和用餐之间的关系和居住空间的结构是寻求从“人-食物-东西-空间”的框架。我们还调查了烹饪和餐饮用具（家具，工具，餐具，炊具等）是由人们使用的，如何日常烹饪和准备食物是做，如何吃饭，为了初步解释烹饪和用餐作为一个系统的整体方面。

The study attempts to make a factual survey of the continuity and the changes found in the relationship between the dining and cooking life style and the spatial structure of the dwelling houses. The houses under survey are those in the urban areas of Osaka and Tokyo.Technological and cultural changes which have taken place in our daily life since the latter half of 1950's contributed to the reorganization of the old and the new factors of dwellings. The floor plans of the houses under survey indicated the dominant trend in which the rooms in a house are arranged with the dining-kitchen or living-dining in the center. The pattern of living in the structure of the dining and cooking space,which was reorganized in the style of a dining-kitchen, was based on the way in which rooms were used daily for family activities, entertaining guests and individual activities it was found out that regardless of the size of the house and of the structure of the space in the house, both public and private activities of the family are conducted in the room adjoining the dining-kitchen. We investigated the use and the structure of the cooking and dining space which had been reorganized into a dining kitchen, from the inter-relationship among various factors involved in cooking and dining and from the overall structure which put the factors together. We propose a method by which the relationship between cooking and dining and the structure of dwelling spaces is sought from the framework of to "people-food- thing-space". We also investigated how cooking and dining utensil(furniture,tools,dining Ware,cooking utensils,etc.) are used by people, how daily cooking and preparing food is done and how meals are taken, in order to explain tentatively the overall aspect of cooking and dining as a system.