Studies on Biosynthetic Mechanisms of Biologically Active Subsatnces and Their Applications

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1. Synthesis of a C/D ring system analogue of glycinoeclepin A, a hatching substance for soybean cyst nematode and confirmation of its hatching activity (Murai). 2. Ring formation of the mother skeletons of two biologiccally active terpenes, grayanotoxin and vinigrol, by the radical reactions with Sml2 (Shirahama). 3. Isolation of the protein factor activating solanesyl diphosphate from some fungus and clarification of its mechanism for activation (Ogura). 4. Isolation, structure determination, and total syntheses of two chemical substances controlling the biorhythm of opening and shutting of the soybean leaves (Shizuri). 5. Isolation and structure determination of new polyprenols from soybeans and clarification of the hydrogen elimination mechanism in their Z-prenyl chain extention processes (Suga). 6. Isolation and reaction of palytoxin carboxylic acid as a plausible biosynthetic precursor of palytoxin (Uemura). 7. Structure elucidation of the flower pigments, lobelinin A, B, and ternatin derivatives, and clarification of an intramolecular stacking structure as their general stabilization mechanisms (Goto and Kondo). 8. Clarification of the biosynthetic pathways of the diterpenes isolated from the brown algae (Kakisawa) and the sulfur-containing phytoalexins isolated from Brassica oleracea (Takasugi). Clarification of fatty acid synthase and the reaction mechanism of an antibiotic, cerulenin (Kawaguchi). Isolation of a new frog alkaloid (Tokuyama). Syntheses of the precursors available for the biosynthetic studies (Kakinuma, Tokoroyama, Katsuki, Maki, Hirama, Nozoe, Niwa, Fuji, and Ito). Studies on the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of flavanone into the Isoflavone skeleton (Sankawa).