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Studies on the Exploitation of New Functions of Rice by Biotechnology

生物技术开发水稻新功能的研究

基本信息

批准号：
63304011
负责人：
YAMAGATA Hirotada
金额：
$ 11.07万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. Establishment of new breeding techniques : Fusion between anther-derived haploid protoplasts successfully resulted in diploid plants. CO_2-gas supply to rice callus was effective for plant regeneration. Micronuclei were formed in suspension-culture cells by colchicine- and herbicide-treatments. A promoter gene enhancing the expression of reporter gene, necessary for efficient selection of transgenic plants, was found out. The physical map and clone bank of mitochondrial DNA in wild rices with B, C or E genome, were constructed. Nuclear DNA proved to have the sequences homologous with two small plasmidlike DNAs in mitochondria, B1 and B2. A herbicide (bialaphos) -resistant gene bar was successfully introduced into rice protoplast through electroporation. RFLP analysis revealed different direction of the linkage map with 1 and 2 linkage groups from that of old linkage map. New linkage map including isozyme-maker gene was constructed. The inheritance of slender-glume gene indispensable for activating mutator was clarified.2. Exploitation of new function : RFLP's maker proved to be effective by used for detecting the genetical variation in anther-derived plants. There were found close relationships of endosperm proteins alpha -1 and alpha -3 with the diversification of genus Oryza. Waxy gene proved to have a mechanism determining Wx protein content. The amino acid compositin of prolamin polypeptides and the nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding glutelin in rice seeds were clarified. A embryoless diploid mutant induced by gammaーirradiation to tetraploid rice was closely analyzed for inheritance and developmental physiology. Alien cytoplasm and fertility-restoring gene were introduced to common wheat and a new male sterility-fertility restoration system was developed for hybrid-wheat breeding.

1. 新育种技术的建立：花药来源的单倍体原生质体之间的融合成功产生了二倍体植株。向水稻愈伤组织供气有利于植株再生。在秋水仙碱和除草剂处理下，悬浮培养细胞形成微核。发现了一个促进报告基因表达的启动子基因，这是有效选择转基因植物所必需的。构建了具有B、C、E基因组的野生水稻线粒体DNA物理图谱和克隆库。核DNA与线粒体B1和B2两个小的质粒样DNA序列同源。通过电穿孔法成功地将一个抗除草剂基因bar导入水稻原生质体。RFLP分析显示，1和2个连锁组的连锁图谱与旧的连锁图谱方向不同。构建了包含同工酶制造基因的新连锁图谱。阐明了激活突变体所必需的细长颖片基因的遗传。新功能的开发：RFLP的制造者被证明是有效的，用于检测花药来源植物的遗传变异。胚乳蛋白α -1和α -3与水稻属的多样性密切相关。Waxy基因被证实具有决定Wx蛋白含量的机制。阐明了水稻种子中蛋白多肽的氨基酸组成和编码谷蛋白的cDNA的核苷酸序列。研究了伽玛辐射诱导的水稻无胚二倍体突变体的遗传和发育生理。将外源细胞质和育性恢复基因引入普通小麦，建立了一种新的杂交小麦雄性不育-育性恢复体系。