Savannization/Processes in Tropical Africa (Tageleqp/Sapita 89-90)

在北方稀树草原的几个选定地区进行了一项为期两年的多学科研究，（喀麦隆）和南部稀树草原（赞比亚、津巴布韦和马拉维）的研究结果如下：1）喀麦隆东部：对廊道森林的结构和组成以及土壤剖面的调查为构建稀树草原化模型提供了有效数据。2）喀麦隆西部高地：花粉分析和土壤样品的放射性测年可以预期有助于年代组成的环境历史在过去的ca。3）西喀麦隆高地：对一个放牧的草坡进行了详细的地质生态调查，得出了目前土地和植被退化的过程。4）北方喀麦隆苏丹-萨赫勒稀树草原区：在过去15年里，在持续干旱的情况下，人类活动的影响加剧了退化。获得了重建卡拉哈里沙漠上的miombo林地在过去两到三千年的历史的一些基本数据。6）南赞比亚：不同耕作制度在土地管理上的差异可以作为解释草原化过程的有效关键。7）Nyika高原：大面积的草原是由人类活动创造的，它们的年龄、创造和维持过程可以通过收集的数据来重建。8）马拉维高地：土地管理的性质在草原化过程中发挥了重要作用。相比之下，没有严重的退化，可以观察到的地区覆盖的卡拉哈里沙漠，因为不适合农业。10）在整个地区的调查：重建和区域间相关的稀树草原化历史的土壤地层学的有用性再次得到证实。

A two-year multidisciplinary research carried out in several selected areas of both northern savannas (Cameroon) and of southern savannas (Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi) of tropical Africa has led to following results :1) East Cameroon : A survey of structure and composition, and soil profiles of gallery forests produced valid data for constructing a savannization model.2) West Cameroon Highlands : Pollen analysis and radiometric datings of collected soil samples can be expected to contribute to the chronological make up of the environmental history in the last ca. 3,000 years and the origin and age of the "Grassfields" landscape.3) West Cameroon Highlands : A detailed geoecological survey of a cattle-grazed grassy slope has led to a formulation of present-day land and vegetation degradation processes.4) Sudano-Sahelian savanna zone of Northern Cameroon : Increased human impact has accelerated degradation in the last 15 years, under persistent drought conditions.5) West Zambia : Some basic data for reconstructing the history of miombo woodland over the Kalahari Sands during the last two to three millenia were obtained.6) South Zambia : The difference in the land management different farming systems can be used as a valid key for the interpretation of savannization processes.7) Nyika Plateau : Widespread grasslands have been created by human activities, and their ages, creating and maintaining processes can be reconstructed by gathered data.8) Malawi Highlands : Nature of land management has played an important role in savannization processes.9) Central Zimbabwe : Increased human inpact in the last 30 years has resulted in accelerated degradation. In contrast, no severe degradation can be observed in the areas covered with the Kalahari Sands, because of unsuitablity for agriculture.10) Throughout the areas investigated : The usefulness of soil stratigraphy for the reconstruction and interregional correlation of savannization history was reconfirmed.