Savannization/Processes in Tropical Africa (Tageleqp/Sapita 89-90)

在热带非洲北部稀树草原（喀麦隆）和南部稀树草原（赞比亚、津巴布韦和马拉维）的几个选定地区进行的为期两年的多学科研究取得了以下结果：1)喀麦隆东部：对廊道森林的结构和组成以及土壤剖面的调查为构建稀树草原模型提供了有效数据。2)西喀麦隆高地：对收集的土壤样本进行花粉分析和放射性定年，可以对过去约3000年的环境历史和“草地”景观的起源和年龄的年代学构成作出贡献。西喀麦隆高地：对一个放牧的草坡进行了详细的地质生态学调查，得出了当今土地和植被退化过程的公式。4)喀麦隆北部的苏丹-萨赫勒稀树草原：在过去15年中，在持续干旱的条件下，人类影响的增加加速了退化。5)西赞比亚：获得了重建卡拉哈里沙漠上近二三千年miombo林地历史的一些基本数据。6)赞比亚南部：不同耕作制度的土地管理差异可以作为解释稀树化过程的有效关键。7)尼卡高原：人类活动创造了大面积的草原，通过收集到的数据可以重建草原的年龄、形成和维持过程。8)马拉维高地：土地管理的性质在稀树化过程中发挥了重要作用。9)津巴布韦中部：过去30年来人类影响的增加导致退化加速。相比之下，在卡拉哈里沙漠覆盖的地区，由于不适合农业，没有观察到严重的退化。10)在整个调查地区，土壤地层学对稀树化历史的重建和区域间对比的有用性再次得到证实。

A two-year multidisciplinary research carried out in several selected areas of both northern savannas (Cameroon) and of southern savannas (Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi) of tropical Africa has led to following results :1) East Cameroon : A survey of structure and composition, and soil profiles of gallery forests produced valid data for constructing a savannization model.2) West Cameroon Highlands : Pollen analysis and radiometric datings of collected soil samples can be expected to contribute to the chronological make up of the environmental history in the last ca. 3,000 years and the origin and age of the "Grassfields" landscape.3) West Cameroon Highlands : A detailed geoecological survey of a cattle-grazed grassy slope has led to a formulation of present-day land and vegetation degradation processes.4) Sudano-Sahelian savanna zone of Northern Cameroon : Increased human impact has accelerated degradation in the last 15 years, under persistent drought conditions.5) West Zambia : Some basic data for reconstructing the history of miombo woodland over the Kalahari Sands during the last two to three millenia were obtained.6) South Zambia : The difference in the land management different farming systems can be used as a valid key for the interpretation of savannization processes.7) Nyika Plateau : Widespread grasslands have been created by human activities, and their ages, creating and maintaining processes can be reconstructed by gathered data.8) Malawi Highlands : Nature of land management has played an important role in savannization processes.9) Central Zimbabwe : Increased human inpact in the last 30 years has resulted in accelerated degradation. In contrast, no severe degradation can be observed in the areas covered with the Kalahari Sands, because of unsuitablity for agriculture.10) Throughout the areas investigated : The usefulness of soil stratigraphy for the reconstruction and interregional correlation of savannization history was reconfirmed.