Studies on Amaranthus Culture and Utilization

1. 苋菜栽培试验研究以单品系苋菜为研究对象，进行了播种密度、播种时间和施肥量等栽培试验。粒重与穗重呈高度相关（r=0.986）。籽粒产量为240 ~ 320 Kg/10a。干物质生产特征；收获时干物质产量为1426 Kg/10a，约为水稻植株的90%。由于叶片较大、株高较高的苋菜在生长初期就开始相互遮荫，下部叶片发生变形，因此其叶面积指数小于水稻植株。净同化率（NAR）大于净同化率（NAR）。叶、茎、种子的摄食价值；采用酸不溶性灰分指示剂法测定苋菜青贮饲料的消化率。粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、无氮脂肪和粗纤维的消化系数分别为71.4%、48.2%、65.6%和59.0%。青贮饲料的可消化粗蛋白质和总可消化营养物质分别为1.4%和7.4%，其营养比例较窄（4.3）。谷物苋菜的营养和食用特性干物质粗蛋白质含量为16.3%。氨基酸得分为84分，苏氨酸为限制性氨基酸。总脂质含量为6%，具有较高的不饱和度，亚油酸含量约为36.5%。用苋菜青贮饲喂2头母牛，饲喂3周。虽然犊牛一开始对青贮饲料不感兴趣，但随着青贮饲料与干草混合量的增加，犊牛在第5天将青贮饲料全部吃掉。饲喂结束时，犊牛的一般临床表现、血尿特性、肝功能、瘤胃pH值和原虫均无变化。

1. Cultivation experiments of Amaranthus Hypochondricus ; Using one line of Amaranthus Hypochondricus the following cultivation experiments were conducted for getting the informations on the sowing density, sowing time and amount of fertilizer applied. The grain weight was highly correlated with thee weight of ear (r=0.986). The grain yield were the range from 240 to 320 Kg/10a.2. Characteristics of dry matter production ; The dry matter yield at the harvest time was 1,426 Kg/10a, about 90% of rice plants. Because Amaranthus Hypochondricus which had larger leaves and were taller in the plant height, begun the mutual shading from the early growth stage and deforiated the lower leaves, the leaf area index was smaller than rice plants. However, the net assimilation rate (NAR) was larger than those.3. Feeding value of leaves, stems and seeds ; The digestibility of Amaranthus silage was measured by acid insoluble ash indicator method. Digestion coefficients of crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract and crude fiber were 71.4%, 48.2%, 65.6% and 59.0%, respectively. Digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrients of the silage were 1.4% and 7.4%, and its nutritive ratio was rather narrow (4.3).4. Nutritional and food properties of grain Amaranthus ; The crude protein content was 16.3% dry matter. The amino acid score was 84 and threonine was found to be the limiting amino acid. The total lipid content was 6% and has a high level of unsaturation, containing almost 36.5% linoleic acid.5. The Amaranthus silage was fed to 2 heifers for 3 weeks. Although the heifers had little taste for this silage at first, they ate all the silage at the 5th day after the increasing mixture of the silage with the hay. At the end of the feeding, the heifers showed on change in general clinical findings, blood and urine properties, liver function, and pH and protozoa in the rumen.