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Kinetic analysis of physiological active substances in the life cycle of fruit trees and its utilization

果树生命周期中生理活性物质的动力学分析及其利用

基本信息

批准号：
01304011
负责人：
HIRATA Naomi
金额：
$ 11.58万
依托单位：
Chiba University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01304011/
关键词：
Fruit tree Physiological active substance Flower-bud formation Fertilization and fruit set Fruit growth and maturation Ovary culture Dormancy Physiological 花芽形成着果成熟

项目摘要

The pistil and ovary tissues of tetraploid grape cultivars such as 'Kyoho' and 'Pione' contained pollen tube growth inhibitors. These were rather stable in the pistil and also inhibited development and promoted degeneration of pollen protoplasm.In 'Fuji' apple trees grafted on the semi-dwarf and dwarf rootstock, application of NH_4-N inhibited current shoot growth and promoted more flower-bud formation than that of NO_3-N. These followed on alteration of gibberellin- and cytokinin-like activies in xylem sap.Ovary culture of 'Kyoho' grapes was best when activated carbons were added to the basal medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) and ovaries of blooming stage were planted. But abnormal metabolism of amino acid and organic acid in the cultured berries was found.Translocation and distribution of photosynthates into kiwifruit fruits or grape berries were controlled by plant growth regulators in fruit or berries.Maturation of 'Hiratanenashi' persimmon was related to gibberellin and ABA levels in fruit. And also inhibition of fruit growth and maturation after removal of calyx lobe from persimmon fruit resulted from a decline of acid invertase activities.Physiological disorder, in the Mizunashi, of Japanese pear was caused by a decline of calcium and water absorption with root senescence, increase of ethylene evolution and promotion of cell wall breaking.It was undersfood by tissue culture method that the intensity of grape seed dormancy was related to sugar and ABA accumulation levels in berries, and also controlled by the interrelationship of seed coat, embryo and endosperm.Relationship between juvenility and capacity for rooting in cuttings of some fruit trees was based on the balance among polyamine, ethylene and auxin concentrations.

四倍体葡萄品种‘巨峰’和‘碧昂’的雌蕊和子房组织中含有花粉管生长抑制剂。NH_4-N在半矮秆和矮秆砧嫁接富士苹果树上，施用NH_4-N比施用NO_3-N能抑制新梢生长，促进花芽形成。巨峰葡萄子房培养以MS培养基中添加活性炭，接种盛花期子房效果最好。但果实中的氨基酸和有机酸代谢异常，光合产物向猕猴桃果实和葡萄果实中的转运和分配受果实或果实中的植物生长调节物质的控制，‘平种梨’柿的成熟与果实中赤霉素和阿坝水平有关。在水梨中，由于根系衰老导致钙和水分吸收量下降，导致果实生长和成熟受到抑制，葡萄种子休眠的强度与葡萄种子休眠的强度有关，结果表明，果实的嫩化程度与果实中糖和阿坝积累水平有关，也受种皮、胚和胚乳的相互关系所控制，某些果树的嫩化程度与插条生根能力的关系是基于多胺、乙烯和生长素浓度之间的平衡。