Study of New Search and Rescue Systems with Multiple Satellites

美国、苏联、法国和加拿大四个国家正在讨论通过COSPAS SARSAT卫星EPIRB建立全球范围的搜救卫星系统，以期投入实际使用。但是，该系统只包含遇险信号，根据卫星上的信号计算遇险区域的位置，不包含幸存者最重要的信息。我们对基于静止移动通信卫星的高级搜救系统进行了试验；ETS-5被称为Kiku-5。该实验系统采用带有救生衣的遇难者生存检测传感器，通过接收浮标上的GPS卫星信号进行定位。该浮标对420~440 MHz范围内的心电信号进行自动扫描和解调，将重要信息和导航信息以分组信号的形式发送回静止通信卫星。通讯范围广，可实现2.24小时作业。双向沟通成为可能。包含受害者的重要信息。定位精度相对较好(+/-10m)，COSPAS-SARSAT系统没有救援信息，很难称得上是适合灾后分流和急救的系统。有了这个实验系统，就有可能充分传递生命反应信念，在24小时内实时确定远程位置。作为一种新的搜救系统，灾后救人似乎是非常有用、非常实用、可行的。

Four countries, the U. S. A., the Soviet Union, French and Canada, are discussing on the world-wide satellite system for search and rescue by means of COSPAS SARSAT ; satellite EPIRB which is aimed to put to practical use. But, this system contain only the distress signal calculate the position at the distress area on basis of signal on satellite, and do not contain the most important informations of the survivors.We have experiments for the advance search and rescue system via stationary mobile communications satellite ; ETS-5 called KIKU-5. This experimental system uses a victim survival checking sensor (ECG) with life jacket, and gets position with recieving GPS satellite signals on the buoy. The buoy scans automatically from 420 to 44OMHz and demodulates ECG signal, sends vital information and navigation informations back to the stational communications satellite as packet signal.This system has the following characteristics.1. Communication range is wide.2.24 hour operation is possible.3. Two way communications possible.4. Contains victim vital informations.5. Locationing precision is relativry good (+/-10m).COSPAS-SARSAT system has no information about rescue, so it can hardly be called appropriate for triage and acute treatment after disasters. With this experimental system, it is possible to transm vital reaction faith fully, to confirm the location at a remote place in real time over 24 hours. It seems very useful, quite practical, and feasible to save human being after disaster as new search and rescue systems.