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Studies of the Concept of 'Logos' in Heraclitus and Plato

赫拉克利特和柏拉图的“逻各斯”概念研究

基本信息

批准号：
01510006
负责人：
UCHIYAMA katsutoshi
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The first aim of this research is to focus upon the Heraclitean thought, in which the term 'logos' appears conspicuously at the first time in the history of Greek philosophy. The investigator tries to trace the historical background of his concept of 'logos' so as to get at the kernel of its wide range of meaning which he intended. The second main task concerns whith the philosophy of Plato, especially in regard to a characteristic feature of the function of 'logos' in it. The investigator aims to clarify the significance of the 'dialogue' structure which Plato adopted to express his thought, and some distinctive merits of the 'dialectical' method, developed from the Socratic 'dialogue' procedure.One of the results from this study : The Heraclitean concept of 'logos' was not developed under the influence of the earlier Pythagoreanism, but was brought into existence by Heraclitus himself, based on his new consciousness of language, which was common to that of Xenophanes. These two thinkers, setting up 'logos' in opposition to 'mythos' and 'epos' of the traditional poets to whom 'logos' meant only a negative and unsubstantial speech, dared to use it with challenging mind to traditional, poetical wisdom. At the same time, however, they both were deeply conscious of limitedness of human wisdom, to which the 'logos' was just fitted because of its negative connotation. This consciousness was an essential factor for the development of Greek philosophy in the following generations of them.

本研究的第一个目的是关注赫拉克利特的思想，在希腊哲学史上，“逻各斯”一词第一次引人注目地出现在赫拉克利特的思想中。研究者试图追溯他的“逻各斯”概念的历史背景，以便了解他所意图的广泛含义的核心。第二个主要任务涉及柏拉图的哲学，特别是关于“逻各斯”在其中的功能的一个特征。研究者的目的是澄清柏拉图用来表达他的思想的“对话”结构的意义，以及从苏格拉底的“对话”程序发展而来的“辩证”方法的一些独特的优点。赫拉克利特的“逻各斯”概念不是在早期毕达哥拉斯主义的影响下发展起来的，而是由赫拉克利特本人根据他的新的语言意识而提出的，这与色诺芬尼的语言意识是共同的。这两个思想家，建立了“logos”反对“神话”和“epos”的传统诗人，“logos”只意味着一个消极的和非实质性的发言，敢于使用它与挑战的头脑，传统的，诗意的智慧。但与此同时，他们都深刻地意识到人类智慧的有限性，而“逻各斯”正是由于其消极的内涵而适合于人类智慧的有限性。这种意识是希腊哲学在后来几代人中发展的一个基本因素。