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医療をめぐる自律規範と法と倫理に関する比較法的研究

医疗保健自主规范、法律和伦理的比较法学研究

基本信息

批准号：
63520028
负责人：
宇都木伸
金额：
$ 0.45万
依托单位：
Tokai University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

本研究は、複数国の医療制度と医倫理問題の取扱いの比較検討を志すものであり、最終的結論に至るために継続研究を申請中である。従って、本年は以下にみるような部分的結論を得たに止まる。1 "死"の問題を素材として、法と倫理の関わり、法の限界を一般的に検討し、ことに医療専門職集団の自律的機能の役割に注目した。(1)アメリカの場合は、連邦政府の提唱した規準に従い各州が立法する形をとったのに対し、イギリスにおいては脳死判定基準・死の認定ともに医師集団が定立し、政府が各医療者へ勧奨する形をとった。(2)この相違は、両国の医師専門職集団の社会的規制力の相違に由来し、直ちに優劣を論ずべきものではないが、わが国の社会への適応性については参考に値しよう。2 アメリカ医療制度史を、医師専門職団体の動向を中心に検討した。(1)各州の医師資格制度には、立法主導型と医師集団主導型がある。(2)19世紀末からの科学の発達によりはじめて医師専門職が獲得した"権威"は、その後経済的パワーに変質してゆく。この過程で医師達は自らの規律・主張を立法により貫徹しようとする傾向が生まれた。(3)アメリカ医師会「倫理綱領」は、初期には不正規医師(irregulars)を駆逐するための行動規準、医師制度確立後の20世紀の大改訂後は医師間の行動原理の機能を担った。それは現代の「倫理問題」の処理には、何等の指針をも示し得ないと言われる。(4)20世紀初頭いらい顕著となった科学の専門分化と権威主義的傾向は、いま総合的視点と開放性を要められている。ただし、いわゆるバイオエシックス「運動」には、筆者は多大の疑問をもっている。3 なお英・独・仏の医師会の動向を資料に加え、医専門家集団の規律と法と倫理との関わり、その制度的基盤との関わりを明らかにしたい。

In this study, the medical problems of the medical system in several countries were compared, and the most comprehensive conclusions were drawn to the application for the study of the medical system in several countries. This year, we have obtained the conclusion of the following parts of this year. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the problems of "death", such as the training of materials, the practice of legal treatment, the general practice of legal limitation, and the ability to exercise self-discipline in medical and medical departments. (1) the government of the United States and the government of the United States have raised the standard, the state legislation, the legislation of the state, the standard for determining the death rate, the standard for determining the level of death, the standard for the establishment of the medical system, and the government for all medical practitioners. (2) the regulatory forces of the society are closely related to each other, the causes of the regulatory forces of the society are different, and the social conditions of the country are different from each other. (2) to review the history of the medical system and the movement of the medical staff to the medical center. (1) the qualification system of medical treatment in each state, and the legislation of the main type of medical treatment system and the main type of medical treatment in each state. (2) at the end of the 19th century, the science of the 19th century was successful in science and technology in the last half of the century. In the process of medical treatment, there is a general regulation of legislation that requires medical treatment and health care. (3) in the early days of the Medical Association, the rules and regulations of the unregulated Medical Association (irregulars) were regulated step by step, and the medical system was established. After the reform in the 20th century, the mechanism of the exercise principle in the medical clinic was able to bear the burden. Please refer to the question of reason, which means that you have received a lot of advice. (4) since the beginning of the 20th century, there has been a great deal of change in the science of science in order to differentiate the trend of science and the openness of science and technology. There is no doubt about how much money you have to pay for your activities. 3. The medical staff of the British Medical Association is responsible for the information management, regulation and regulation of the medical staff, and the basic information system of the health care system.