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"Evolution of pituitary, Comparative Endocrinological Study on Neural Gland of Ascidian"

《垂体的进化、海鞘神经腺的比较内分泌学研究》

基本信息

批准号：
63540595
负责人：
OGAWA Mizuho
金额：
$ 0.64万
依托单位：
Saitama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Most of the cells of the neural gland in Halocynthia roretzi are binucleate and the binucleate cells seem to proliferate in the limited area of the dorsal epithelium.In ll species of solitary ascidians observed, the binucleate cells were observed in the neural glands of Halocynthia and. H. aurantium. In H. hilgendorfi f. Cnemidocarpa and verrucosa, somo cells have two nuclei. No binucleate cells were found in other species. The occurrence of binucleate cells may be associated with adaptation to a cold, sea-water environment.From the immunohistochemical observations, the positive reaction for mammalian LHRH was observed in the neural ganglion but no reaction in the neural gland. In contrast, positive reaction for only silver-carp GTH was observed in the neural gland. These positive reactions were confirmed with reabsorption test. The results suggest that the neural ganglion and gland of ascidians may be the homologue of the vertebrate hypothalamus and pituitary. Other antibodies to pitu … More itary hormones; GH, PRL, LH, FSH, ACTH and MSH gave no reaction in either the neural ganglion or the neural gland. Moreover, insulin, glucagon and secretin were not observed in both the neural ganglion and gland. This is contradictory to the results of pestarino (1984 and 1985), and this requires further study. Antibody to beta-endorphin gave positive reaction in either the neural gland or the dorsal strand. Met-enkephalin was observed in either the ganglion or the dorsal strand. Immunoreactivity both in the ganglion and gland was obtained with antibody to substance P. The significance of the existence of these substances requires further examination. Immunoreaction positive for amphibian PRL was obtained in the neural ganglion. However, the presence of PRL can not detected biochemically using the immunoreaction for anti-amphibian PRL by western blot method after development with SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It seems to be very small contents of it in the sample from the neural ganglion.According to the re-examinations of ultra-structural studies on the neural complex, the dense secretory granules were observed both in the neural cells and their saxons. Moreover, the cells of dorsal strand also have many dense granules. No secretory granules were observed in the binucleate cells of the neural gland, but they have many vacuoles. Therefore, these cells may have a secretory function.Thus, the neural gland of ascidian still remains the possibility to be homologue of the vertebrate pituitary. Less

在所观察的11种单栖海鞘中，海鞘的神经腺细胞大多数为双核细胞，双核细胞仅在背侧上皮的有限区域内增殖。H.橙金。In H.希尔根多尔菲湾刺果木和疣果木的胞体细胞有两个核。在其他物种中未发现双核细胞。双核细胞的出现可能与对寒冷海水环境的适应有关。免疫组织化学观察表明，哺乳动物LHRH在神经节中呈阳性反应，而在神经腺中无反应。相反，在神经腺中仅观察到白鲢GTH的阳性反应。这些阳性反应均经重吸收试验证实。结果提示海鞘的神经节和神经腺可能是脊椎动物下丘脑和垂体的同源物。其他抗pitu抗体 ...更多信息 GH、PRL、LH、FSH、ACTH、MSH等激素在神经节和神经腺内均无反应。此外，在神经节和腺体中均未观察到胰岛素、胰高血糖素和胰泌素。这与pestarino（1984和1985）的结果相矛盾，需要进一步研究。抗β-内啡肽抗体在神经腺和背索中均呈阳性反应。甲硫氨酸脑啡肽中观察到的神经节或背链。在神经节和腺体的免疫反应性得到与抗体的P物质的存在的意义，这些物质需要进一步检查。在神经节中获得两栖动物PRL的免疫反应阳性。但用SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显色后，用Western印迹法检测抗两栖动物PRL的免疫反应，不能生化检测PRL的存在。在神经节标本中，其含量似乎很低。根据对神经复合体超微结构的再观察，在神经细胞及其轴突中均观察到致密的分泌颗粒。此外，背索细胞也有许多致密颗粒。神经腺的双核细胞内无分泌颗粒，但有许多空泡。因此，海鞘的神经腺仍有可能是脊椎动物垂体的同源物。少