Ultra-fine Surface Production by Plastic Deformation

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Flattening tests on band workpieces of commercially pure aluminum with punches of differing surface roughnesses and widely different lubricating conditions as well as ironing reductions have shown that an extra-fine surface can be obtained by the ironing process.On the die side, galling often occurs when low viscosity oils are used. When higher viscosity oils are employed, the metal surface becomes a rubbed surface (Ra=0.05 mum) which is the best in this experiment but rather inferior to the die surface.On the punch side, the metal surface becomes a near-replica of the punch surface, and the replica degree can be elevated with larger reductions and lower viscosity oils or when dry. When applying the punch Ra=0.02 mum, if the reduction rises to 20%, the metal surface becomes a complete replica of the punch. And in the case of applying the punch Ra=0.004mum,which is marginal surface finish of SKD11, under ironing conditions of dry and Re=50%, a complete replica of the punch can also be obtained. In conclusion, the metal surface near the punch surface can be finished by a replica mechanism in the ironing process.