Studies on Biology and Ecology of Marine Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates.

1.利用带摄像机的荧光显微镜对异养甲藻的取食行为、生活史和生长生理进行了生物学和生态学研究。强藻和尖藻不仅含有叶绿素，还含有藻胆素作为光合色素。有些细胞只在圆形或杆状的叶绿体中含有藻胆素，而另一些细胞包括叶绿体在内的原生质中都含有藻胆素。由于藻胆蛋白是甲藻中比较罕见的色素，因此推测藻胆蛋白来自隐单胞菌或蓝藻，它们是通过摄食进入牙藻原生质中的。D.Fourth和D.Cuminata在粘性瓣膜表面捕捉到食物后，通过穿透瓣膜的毛孔将隐单胞菌摄取到他们的原生质中。.4.被中性红色染料染色的颗粒可进入孜然金龟子的食物液泡。这是它们的第二种进食方式。在福氏金线虫培养过程中，观察到大细胞通过鞭毛孔吸入小细胞的原生质。这种行为与有性繁殖过程中的细胞融合非常相似，但我们无法澄清，因为融合后的细胞在形态发生变化之前就死亡了。圆吻恐龙的摄食行为。观察到一种非光合作用的甲藻。该物种选择丁虫类作为猎物有机体。圆锥虫将一根吸管插入吸管，释放少量的液体来阻止猎物的移动。然后，圆盘金线虫会吸走金龟子的原生质。被吸入的原生质以透明小球的形式保存在牙藻细胞内，然后逐渐被同化。

1. Biology and ecology of heterotrophic dinoflagellates were studies using fluorescent microscope with video camera on their feeding behavior, life history and growth physiology.2. Dinophysis fortii and D. acuminata have not only chlorophyll but also phycobilin as photosynthetic pigments. Some cells have the phycobilin only in round or rod-shaped chloroplasts and others have it all over in protoplasm including chloroplasts. As the phycobilin is quite rare pigment in dinoflagellates, it is strongly suspected that the hycobilin comes from cryptomonads or cyanobacters which are ingested into Dinophysis protoplasm by feeding.3. D. forth and D. cuminata ingest cryptomonads into their protoplasm through pores which penetrate their valves after catching the diet on the adhesive valve surface. .4. Particles stained by neutral-red dye can be taken into food vacuole of D. cuminata. This is the second methods of their feeding.5. Suction of protoplasm of a small size cell by a large size cell through flagellar pores were observed during culture of D. fortii. This behavior is very similar to cell fusion in the course of sexual reproduction, but we could not clarify it because the cell after fusion died before showing any morphological change.6. Feeding behavior of Dino hysis Rotundata. a non-photosynthetic dinoflagellate, was observed. The species chooses tintinnids as prey organism. D. rotundata inserts a suction tube to the tintinnid, sending a small amount of fluid to stop movement of the prey. Then D. rotundata suck the protoplasm of the tintinnid. The protoplasm sucked are kept in the manner of many transparent globules inside Dinophysis cell and then assimilated gradually.