Ecophysiological Studies of Broad-leaved Deciduous Trees in Cool-warm Temperate Transition Zone

冷暖温带过渡区阔叶落叶乔木的生态生理研究

• 批准号: 01540540
• 负责人: HORI Yoshimichi
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Ibaraki University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 1990
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01540540/
• 关键词: Ecophysiology; water relation; Tree architecture; cool temperate zone; Fagus crenata; Fagus japonica; 水ストレス; 木部水ポテンシャル; 気孔開度

Ecophysiology of co-occurring saplings of broad-leaved deciduous trees (Fagus crenata, F. japonica, Srbus alnifolia, S. japonica, Styrax obassia, Fraxinus lanuginosa) and shrubs (Vaccinium oldhammi, Rhododendron semibarbatum, R. obtusum var. kaempferi, Vivurunum wrightii, V. phlebotrichum, Hydrangea hirta), and the phenology, photosynthesis and canopy architecture of Fagus crenata and F. japonica were studied at the Ogawa Scientific Reserve for Natural Forest (36^ﾟ55'N, 140^ﾟ35'E), northernmost part of Ibaraki Prefecture in 1980 and 1981.The annual mean air temperature of two years was 10.8^ﾟC. Relative light intensity of PAR (RLI) in early April was ca. 70% above the shrub layer and 65% at the forest floor, when the leaves of canopy trees did not unfold, and in mid-June the RLIs of two plots decreased in 7 and 3%.Through the measurements of daily courses of water relations in the field and photosynthesis in the laboratory, the following results were obtained. (1) There was a positive … More relationship between transpiration rate and hydraulic conductance. (2) There was two responses against water stress : one was drought avoidance by enlarging bulk modulus of elasticity of cell wall (epsilon) and the other was drought tolerance ; those species had low epsilon. (3) Stomata were sensitive to air-leaf water vapor pressure deficit. (4) Closing of stomata under high light conditions hardly influenced the photosynthetic capacity because of low light-saturated photosynthetic rate. The following distinct differences of ecological characteristics of Fagus crenata and F. japonica were made clear. (1) The phenology of both species was the same. (2) Light-saturated photosynthetic rate and light compensation point of F. crenata were higher than those of F. japonica. (3) The canopy architecture of F. japonica was more flat than that of F. crenata and F. japonica had a lower leaf area index. These results suggested that comparing two species F. japonica was sciophyte and F. crenata was heliophyte. Less

阔叶落叶乔木(Fagus crenata，F.Japan onica，Srbus alnifolia，S.Japan onica，Styrax obassia，Fraxinus Lanuginosa)与灌木(Vaccdium oldhammi，Rhododuron Semibarbatum，R.obtusum var.)共生幼树的生理生态1980年和1981年在茨城县最北端的小川天然林自然保护区(36^ﾟ55‘N，140^ﾟ35’E)，对日本水仙和日本水仙的物候、光合作用和冠层构型进行了研究。两年平均气温为10.8ﾟC。6月中旬，两个小区的RLI值分别下降了7%和3%。通过田间水分关系日进程和室内光合作用日进程的测定，得出以下结果：(1)…阳性。蒸腾速率与导水率的关系更密切。(2)对水分胁迫的响应有两种：一种是通过增大细胞壁的体积弹性模数来避免干旱，另一种是耐旱性，这些树种具有较低的epsilon。(3)气孔对气叶水汽压亏缺敏感。(4)在强光条件下关闭气孔，由于光饱和光合作用速率低，对光合作用能力影响不大。研究结果表明，水曲柳与日本水青冈的生态特性存在明显差异。(1)两种植物的物候期基本一致。(2)海棠的光饱和光合作用速率和光补偿点均高于海棠。(3)日本山羊草的冠层结构较平坦，叶面积指数较低。这些结果表明，在比较两种植物时，日本海棠是坐骨子植物，而海棠是日生植物。较少