Analysis of Human Body Shape Viewed From the Biological and Chronological Time Scales

在时间和生物学（TW2 RUS骨骼成熟度）时间尺度上分析青少年生长突增的时间，以阐明身体比例随生长的变化。分析的项目包括体重、身高、坐高、腿长、臂长、肩宽和臀宽。研究对象为1979年至1988年Ogi生长研究的9209名学童。用AIC估计的三次样条函数平滑平均年速度。多变量异速测量法也适用于日期。测量的高峰年龄和青春期生长突增时的RUS分数由生长速度曲线估计。男孩的峰值出现在12.7岁至13.3岁之间，依次为臀宽<腿长<臂长<身高<坐高肩宽<体重。女孩的峰值出现在9.9岁至11.4岁之间，依次为腿长<臂长<肩宽<身高<坐高<臀宽<体重。这表明在男孩的形状形成过程中存在尾脑发育梯度。当在生物时间尺度上分析青少年生长高峰的时间时，没有发现测量结果之间的差异。峰值集中在男生的TW2 RUS分数在550到560分之间，女生在670到680分之间。身体的形状变化几乎同时发生。多变量异速生长分析揭示了异速生长与整体生长的关系，而非等距生长。男孩腿、臂长和肩宽呈正异速，臀宽和坐高呈负异速。女生臀宽、臂长呈正异速生长；腿长等长；肩宽和坐高随体型的增加呈负异速增长。

The timings of the adolescent growth spurts were analyzed on the chronological and the biological (TW2 RUS skeletal maturity) time scales to clarify the change to body proportion with growth. The items analyzed were weight, height, sitting height, leg length, arm length, shoulder width and hip width. The subjects consisted of 9,209 schoolchildren from Ogi Growth Study between 1979 and 1988. Median single-year velocities were smoothed by a cubic spline function with AIC estimation. The multivariate allometry also applied to the date. The peak ages and the RUS scores at the adolescent growth spurt for the measurements were estimated from the growth velocity curves.The peak for boys appeared between the ages of 12.7 and 13.3 years in sequent order as hip width < leg length < arm length < height < sitting height shoulder width < weight. The peak for girls appeared between the ages of 9.9 and 11.4 years in sequent order as leg length < arm length < shoulder width < height < sitting height < hip width < weight. This suggested the caudocephalic growth gradient during boys' shape formation.When the timings for the peak at adolescent growth spurt were analyzed on a biological time scale, no discrepancies between the measurements were found. The peaks were centered around the TW2 RUS scores between 550 and 560 points for boys, between 670 and 680 points for girls. The shape changes of the body occurred almost of simultaneously.The Multivariate allometric analysis revealed the allometric but not isometric relation to the growth of total body. In boys leg and arm lengths and shoulder width showed positive allometry and hip width and sitting height showed negative allometry. In girls the hip width and arm length showed positive allometry ; leg length did isometry ; and shoulder width and sitting height did negative allometry with increase of total body size.