建築業における石綿粉塵暴露とその健康影響に関する研究

建筑业石棉粉尘暴露及其健康影响研究

• 批准号: 01570287
• 负责人: 久永 直見
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: Nagoya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01570287/
• 关键词: 石綿; 建築業; 粉じん暴露濃度; 胸膜肥厚

建築業における石綿粉じん暴露実態把握とその健康影響の解明を目的として調査を行い、以下の結果を得た。1.建築現場19箇所で、85名の作業者の鼻先の気中石綿粉じん濃度を光顕法(×400)により測定。屋内での建材の丸鋸切断が主の作業では6.3〜787f/ml、その4m以内の作業では3.6〜630f/ml、建材のビス打ち付けが主の作業では0.6〜28.8f/ml、その4m以内の作業では0.1〜19.2f/ml、屋外での作業では0.01〜1.2f/mlの石綿粉じんを検出。2.上記のうち9箇所、27名の作業者の鼻先の気中石綿粉じん濃度を分析電顕方(×10000)で測定。電顕で観察された線維状物質中に石綿の占める比率は、平均45%で、残りは石膏、ロックウ-ル等であった。石綿粉じん濃度は、屋内作業者21名では0.38〜260f/ml、幾何平均14.6f/ml、屋外作業者6名では0.06〜2.25f/ml、幾何平均0.39f/ml。石綿の種類は、クリソタイルとアモサイトで、アモサイトの割合は平均53%。電顕法による石綿粉じん濃度は、光顕法より平均9.0倍高値。光顕法と電顕法との間の測定濃度の相関係数は、0.87(p<0.01)であった。3.質問紙調査に8797名の回答を得た。「石綿粉じんの吸入よくあり」が13.0%、「時々あり」が27.5%を占めた。石綿建材取扱い経験は平均14年。現在喫煙者は60.3%、過去喫煙経験者は18.4%であった。4.胸部X線撮影を4796名につき実施。うち34名(0.71%)に石綿暴露起因と思われる胸膜肥厚陰影あり。胸膜肥厚有所見率は高年齢で高く、60-69歳では4.4%を占めた。5.今回の研究結果からみると、建築業従事者には既に過去の石綿暴露による胸膜肥厚が認められるが、今後悪性腫瘍を含めた健康障害増加の可能性が高く、暴露防止・健康障害早期発見対策の強化と疫学的観察は、極めて重要と考えられる。

To understand the health effects of asbestos exposure in the construction industry, the following results were obtained. 1. Asbestos powder concentration in 19 construction sites and 85 construction sites was measured by optical method (×400). The main work of cutting the building materials indoors is 6.3 ~ 787f/ml, the work within 4m is 3.6 ~ 630f/ml, the main work of cutting the building materials is 0.6 ~ 28.8 f/ml, the work within 4m is 0.1 ~ 19.2 f/ml, and the work outdoors is 0.01 ~ 1.2 f/ml. 2. The concentration of asbestos powder in the nasal precursors of 9 research institutes and 27 research institutes was determined by analytical method (×10000). The proportion of asbestos in the linear dimensional substance is 45%, on average, and the proportion of residual asbestos in the linear dimensional substance is 45%. Asbestos powder concentration: 0.38 ~ 260f/ml, geometric average: 14.6 f/ml, indoor occupation: 21, outdoor occupation: 0.06 ~ 2.25 f/ml, geometric average: 0.39 f/ml. Asbestos types, types, and combinations averaged 53%. Asbestos powder concentration by electrophotography method is 9.0 times higher than that by optical method on average. The correlation coefficient between the measured concentrations of the two methods was 0.87(p<0.01). 3. 8797 responses were obtained from the questionnaire survey. "Asbestos powder inhalation" accounted for 13.0%,"time" accounted for 27.5%. Asbestos construction materials are used for an average of 14 years. 60.3% of current smokers and 18.4% of past smokers 4. Chest X-ray imaging: 4796 cases. 34 cases (0.71%) were exposed to asbestos. Pleural thickening was found in 4.4% of cases in 60-69 years old. 5. The results of this study show that there is a high probability of increased health hazards in the construction industry due to past exposure to asbestos, and that early detection of health hazards is extremely important.

项目成果

酒井潔: "石綿吹付施工室内の空気中石綿濃度" 日本公衆衛生雑誌. 37. 109-117 (1990)

Kiyoshi Sakai：“石棉喷涂建筑室内空气中的石棉浓度”日本公共卫生杂志 37. 109-117 (1990)。

Kiyoshi Sasaki: "Asbestos fiber content in lung tissue of cattle with and without malignant mesothelioma." Environmental Research.

Kiyoshi Sasaki：“患有和不患有恶性间皮瘤的牛的肺组织中的石棉纤维含量。”

Naomi Hisanaga: "Asbestos exposure among construction workers." American Journal of Industrial Medicine.

Naomi Hisanaga：“建筑工人接触石棉。”