成層圏オゾンの全球的輸送に関する研究

利用来自太阳后向散射紫外线（SBUV）的臭氧混合比资料和来自Nimbus 7号卫星上臭氧总量测绘光谱仪（TOMS）的臭氧总量资料，研究了平流层臭氧的长期变化，从简单的光化学角度考虑，平流层上部臭氧的变化与温度扰动有关。使用SBUV数据，明确的证据是赤道被困的“臭氧开尔文波”的外观以上的10毫巴的水平有纬向波数的一个组件和东迁移周期约7天。对8年SBUV臭氧资料的统计结果表明，Kelvin波振幅与平流层顶纬向平均风的半年振荡密切相关。进一步讨论了热带低平流层准两年振荡（QBO）对快Kelvin波垂直传播的影响，从而导致QBO对平流层顶附近平均场的调制，并利用11年的TOMS资料描述了赤道臭氧总量的变化。在赤道上空，臭氧总量的年循环是显著的。经向结构表现为纬向波数1型，最小值出现在西太平洋，表明与西太平洋强对流活动有密切关系。从原始资料中剔除气候年周期后，臭氧总量出现了准两年振荡。这种变化与赤道纬向风准两年振荡强烈耦合。此外，从异常数据中减去纬向平均值，我们看到一个东西跷跷板变化与节点经度周围的日界线。这种东西变化的特征时间尺度约为四年，显然与厄尔尼诺和南方涛动（ENSO）周期有关，后者涉及对流云活动的变化。

Long-term variations in stratospheric ozone are investigated by using the ozone mixing ratio data from the solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) and the total column ozone data from the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) on board the Nimbus 7 satellite.From a simple photochemical consideration, it is expected that ozone variations in the upper stratosphere are associated with temperature disturbances. Using the SBUV data, clear evidence is presented for the appearance of equatorially trapped "ozone Kelvin waves" above the 10 mb level having a zonal wavenumber one component and an eastward migration period of about 7 days. Statistical results for the SBUV ozone data over the 8 years shows how Kelvin wave amplitudes are closely related to the semiannual oscillation of the zonal mean wind around the stratopause level. Further discussions are made on the effect of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the tropical lower stratosphere on the vertical propagation of fast Kelvin waves, which results in the QBO modulation of the mean field around the stratopause level.Equatorial total ozone variations are described, using 11 years of the TOMS data. Over the equator, an annual cycle in total ozone is conspicuous. The longitudinal structure shows a zonal wavenumber one pattern with minimum values in the western Pacific, indicating a close relationship to vigorous convective activity there. By removing the climatological annual cycle from the original data, there appears the QBO in total ozone. This variation is strongly coupled with the equatorial zonal-wind QBO. Moreover, subtracting zonal mean values from the anomaly data, we see an east-west seesaw variation with a nodal longitude around the date line. This east-west variation, having a characteristic time-scale of about four years, is clearly related to the El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which involves variations in convective cloud activity.