Studies of the mechanism for prevention of atherosclerosis with polyunsaturated fatty acids

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We investigated effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on lipoprotein matabolism and atherosclerosis both in humans and african green monkeys for making clear the differences in response to these agents between both subjects. African green monkeys were fed diets containing 11 % (by weight) fish oil as PUFA or lard as saturated fatty acid (SFA) with 0.75 mg cholestero1/Kcal in one experiment, and linoleic as PUFA, oleic acid as monounsaturated faccy acid (MUFA) or palm oil as SFA in an another experiment. Total plasma cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were significantly lower for the fish oil group compared to the lard group. HDL-C concentrations were 30 % lower for the fish oil group also. Almost the same results obtained in the other experiment, with the exception that no change in HDL-C concentrations of MUFA diet group. LDL-particle size were decreased in the fish oil group. Atherosclerotic lesion of Coronary artery, the thoratic aorta, common carotid arteries was less for the fish oil group.The patients with ischemic heart disease or hyperlipoproteinemia administered 0.9-2.7 g/day, resulting that TC, LDL-C and TG concentrations were decreased but HDL-C concentrations were not constant. LDL particle size were decreased after EPA. The effect of EPA on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were evaluated by comparing the patient groups with and without EPA, resulting no remarkable changes in restenosis rate between both groups.