Hidden Antagonism. Factions and Factional Conflict at the French Court (c. 1280-1380)

中世纪晚期法国的宫廷和贵族社会的特点是深刻的政党对立，迄今为止一直被学者忽视。人们只注意到那些冲突升级为流血事件的星座--例如世纪初著名的“阿马尼亚克”和“布吉尼翁”之间的争端。13和14世纪的派系冲突同样重要，但它们以其他方式进行，因此受到的关注较少。事实上，政党斗争和派系对抗是中世纪晚期法国“政治社会”中最常见的潜在现象（雷蒙德·卡泽尔）。它们被隐藏在共识的外表后面，或者被外部观察者和参与者的其他话语包装所掩盖。举一个例子：派系的“侵略”可以用确保皇家财产的努力来证明--即使真实的的目的主要是将竞争团体排除在皇家礼物之外。以往的研究几乎完全从法律史或思想史的角度来审视这些话语，很少关注它们的派系背景。相反，该项目将侧重于冲突话语和派系对抗之间的相互依存关系。要做到这一点，一个先决条件是对13和14世纪法国王国的派系冲突进行全面调查--这是一项迄今尚未完成的任务。为此目的，档案以及史学来源将在应用程序中列出的具体方面进行研究。在此基础上，将详细分析几种派别斗争的情况。这将与Olivier Canteaut（巴黎）合作完成，他将作为"墨卡托研究员“参与该项目。研究结果将发表在一本专著中，Canteaut和申请人将共同负责。

The court and the aristocratic society of late medieval France is characterised by profound party antagonisms that so far have been neglected by scholars. Attention has been paid to those constellations only in which the resulting conflicts escalate into bloodshed - such as the well-known dispute between 'Armagnacs' and 'Bourguignons' at the beginning of the 15th century. The factional conflicts of the 13th and 14th centuries are no less significant, but they are conducted in other ways and have therefore received less attention. In fact, party strife and factional antagonism are most often latent phenomena inside the late medieval French 'political society‘ (Raymond Cazelles). They are hidden behind consensus façades or clothed in other discursive wrappings by external observers and participants alike. To quote an example: Factional ‚aggression ‘can be justified with the effort to secure the royal estate - even if the real aim is mainly excluding competing groups from royal gifts. Previous research has examined these discourses almost exclusively from the perspective of the history of law or ideas and has paid little attention to their factional background. In contrast, the project will focus on the interdependencies between conflict discourse and factional antagonism. A prerequisite for this is a comprehensive survey of factional conflict in the French kingdom of the 13th and 14th centuries – a task which has not been undertaken so far. For this purpose, archival as well as historiographical sources will be studied under specific aspects listed in the application. On this basis, several constellations of factional strife will be analysed in detail. This will be done in cooperation with Olivier Canteaut (Paris), who will be associated to the project as a ‚Mercator Fellow‘. The results of the research will be published in a monograph for which Canteaut and the applicant will be jointly responsible.