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STUDIES ON BEHAVIOR AND RUNOFF OF HERBICIDES APPLIED IN TURFGRASS FIELD

草坪田除草剂使用行为及径流研究

基本信息

批准号：
02660042
负责人：
TAKEUCHI Yasutomo
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Utsunomiya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In turf fields, efficiency of applied herbicides is lower than that in upland fields, mainly due to the deposition of chemicals on turfgrass leaves which cover some of existing weeds and almost all of soil surface. This decrease in the efficiency is more remarkable for soil treatment type herbicides than for foliar treatment type herbicides. Amounts of herbicides retained by turf leaves were affected by herbicide formulation types, spray volume, addition of wetting agents, amount of rainfall, duration between the application and rainfall, and growth stages and plant height of the turfgrass. Lower mowing of the turfgrass, usage of flowables rather than wettable formulations, application with a large volume of water without wetting agent, or watering soil after the spray also decreased the amounts of herbicides retained by the leaves. The addition of a soil-permeation agent to the sprity diminished the amounts of herbicides retained by the leaves and promoted the desorption of herbicides … More from tile leaves by rainfall.In a turfgrass field, residues of herbicides in soil decreased rather rapidly within two weeks after treatment and then gradually. In particular, more rapid decreases of the residues were observed when herbicidies were applied during the warm seasons, whereas 5 - 25 % of the applied dosage were fOLliid even 5 molitlis after the application in autumn.When herbicides were sprayed in a turfgrass field and in an uncropped field, both have a slope of 15", and a simulated rainfall of 80 mm/hr was applied 6 - 72 hours after the treatment, runoff volume of surface water and amounts of eroding soil were greater in the uncropped field than in the turfgrass field. Less water soluble and more soil absorbable herbicides were transported largely with eroding soil and, on the other hand, more water soluble herbicides were lost with the runoff water. Total amounts of herbicides transported with the runoff water and with the soil erosion were larger in the uncropped field than in the turf field. In both the fields, more water water soluble herbicides appeared to be hardly transported than less water soluble ones. In the cases of simazine and pendimethalin, the loss due to herbicide runoff in the uncropped field seemed not to be affected significantly by their formulation types. However, in the turf field, greater amounts of the herbicides were lost due to the runoff when their flowable products rather than wettable products had been applied. Less

在草坪田中，施用的除草剂的效率低于旱地，这主要是由于化学品沉积在草坪草叶子上，这些叶子覆盖了一些现有的杂草和几乎所有的土壤表面。这种效率的降低对于土壤处理型除草剂比对于叶处理型除草剂更显著。除草剂配方类型、喷洒量、湿润剂添加量、降雨量、施用与降雨之间的持续时间、草坪草的生长阶段和株高均影响除草剂在草坪叶片中的残留量。草坪草的较低修剪，使用流动制剂而不是可流动制剂，用大量的水施用而不使用润湿剂，或在喷雾后给土壤浇水也减少了叶子保留的除草剂的量。土壤渗透剂的加入减少了除草剂在叶片上的滞留量，促进了除草剂的解吸 ...更多信息在草坪上，除草剂在土壤中的残留量在处理后两周内迅速下降，然后逐渐下降。特别地，当在温暖的季节施用除草剂时，观察到残留物的更快速的减少，而在秋季施用后，5 - 25%的施用剂量甚至5倍于除草剂。当除草剂喷洒在草坪草田地和未耕种的田地中时，两者都具有15”的斜率，处理后6 ~ 72 h，施加80 mm/hr的模拟降雨，未作田的地表水径流量和土壤侵蚀量均大于草坪田。水溶性较弱、土壤吸收性较强的除草剂主要随土壤侵蚀迁移，而水溶性较强的除草剂则随径流流失。与径流水和土壤侵蚀的除草剂运输总量较大的未耕作领域比在草坪领域。在这两个领域，更多的水溶性除草剂似乎很难比水溶性较低的运输。在西玛津和二甲戊灵的情况下，由于除草剂径流在未耕种的领域的损失似乎没有受到显着影响，其配方类型。然而，在草坪领域，更大量的除草剂损失时，由于径流的流动产品，而不是除草剂产品已被应用。少

项目成果

期刊论文数量（6）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

金錫井: "芝草茎葉への除草剤付着量におよぼす土壌浸透剤の影響" 芝草研究. 21.

Seokui Kim：“土壤渗透剂对附着在草坪草叶子上的除草剂数量的影响”草坪草研究 21。

DOI：
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0
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金錫井,丹後文孝,小笠原勝,米山弘一,竹内妥智,他: "傾斜芝生地における除草剤の横移動に関与する要因の解析" 日本芝草学会,平成4年度春季大会要旨. 21(1). (1992)

Kim，Fumitaka，Tango，Masaru，Ogasawara，Koichi，Yoneyama，Koichi，Takeuchi 等人：“倾斜草坪中除草剂横向移动的因素分析”，日本草坪协会，1992 年春季会议摘要 21(1)。（1992）

DOI：
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0
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金錫井: "シマジンとペンディメタリンの芝草茎葉付着にたいする土壌浸透剤の影響" 日本芝草学会平成4年度春季大会要旨集. (1992)

Seokui Kim：“土壤渗透剂对西玛嗪和二甲戊乐灵对草坪草茎和叶的粘附的影响”日本草坪协会 1992 年春季会议记录（1992 年）。

DOI：
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0
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金錫井: "傾斜芝生地における除草剤の挙動" 芝草研究. 21.

Seokui Kim：“除草剂在倾斜草坪上的表现”草坪研究 21。

DOI：
发表时间：
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
通讯作者：

金錫井,小笠原勝,米山弘一,竹内妥智,近藤誠登,竹松哲夫: "シマジン,プロピザミド,ペンディメタリンおよびアシュラムの除草活性と芝生地における消失" 芝草研究. 20(2). (1992)

Kim, Masaru, Ogasawara, Koichi, Yoneyama, Koichi, Takeuchi, Makoto, Kondo, Tetsuo, Takematsu, Tetsuo：“草坪中西玛津、丙吡酰胺、二甲戊乐灵和阿什拉姆的除草活性和消失”草坪草研究 20(2)。 1992))