A SURVEY OF SEXUAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDE IN HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION

(1)研究目标我们想要调查中小学生和大学生对不同社会角色的态度，以及男女的主导特征。研究方法：采用问卷调查法，对日本科孚市、韩国首尔和德国柏林的1776名初中、高中和大学学生进行问卷调查，并利用计算机对收集到的数据进行分析和评价。结果与观察1)在学生对性别平等的态度上，日本学生在15个项目上表现出性别差异和成长差异，韩国女学生表现出显著的进步态度，积极地看到自己的独立和平等。在德国，男女都表现出同样先进的态度，但有趣的是，大学生倾向于坚持传统的价值体系。2)在性别角色方面，德国学生在所有Reveles上都表现出相当进步的态度。也就是说，大多数德国学生认为男女应该分担大部分的社会角色。日本学生选择了两个反映不同性别角色的项目。3)关于传统的性取向特征，日本学生承认13项中有4项是真的，韩国和德国学生都承认只有1项是真的。4)日本男生对男权社会的传统价值体系表现出强烈的固守倾向，因此，我们建议在男女主导型家政学教育中，引导学生将价值体系重新定位为社会性别平等和自由待遇的偏向。

(1) Objectives of research We would like to investigate school and college students' attitude toward various social roles,and dominant characteristics of each sex. Based upon the findings of the above investigation,we would like to make some suggestion for the improvement of Home Economics education in the coming new era.(2) Method of research We sent questionnaire to 1776 of students of junior high schools,senior high schools,and colleges in Kofu City (JAPAN),In Seoul(Korea),and in Berlin(Germany) and analysed the collected data using computer and evaluated theminterms of attitude scales. then We compared and investigated the data from three countries.(3) Results and observations 1) Regarding the students' attitude toward sexual equality,Japanese students reveal sexual differences and growth differences in the total 15 items .In Korea girl students show significantly progressive attitude, actively seeing their independence and equality. In Germany both sexes show equally advanced attitude but interestingly college students tende to stick to traditional value system. 2) In regards to sex roles,German students,on all reveles,show quite progressive attitude. Namely,the majority of German students think that both sexes should share most social roles. Japanese students selected the tow item which reflect distinctive sex roles. 3) Concerning the traditional sex-oriented characteristics, Japanese students admit four items are true out of 13 items and both Korean and German students admit only one item is true. 4) In Japan male students show a strong tendency to stick to traditional value system of the male-dominant society.therefore,we propose that in Home Economics education which both sexes take we should lead our students to the re-orientation of value system as the bias for equal and free treatment of both sexes in society.