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A STUDY OF RICE-CULTURE IN WEST ASIA AND MEDITERRAENAN REGION

西亚和地中海地区稻作文化研究

基本信息

批准号：
03041076
负责人：
HARA Ryuichi
金额：
$ 8.64万
依托单位：
DAITO BUNKA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03041076/
关键词：
Rice Road Paddy Peasants Africa Central Asia West Asia Cooking of Rice Rice growing country トルコ地中海ナイル・デルタ西アフリカ灌漑

项目摘要

Japanese people have always thought that the most important rice was grown in East Asia or South east Asia in the Monsoon weather. They believed that Japan produced one of the best kinds of rice in the world. We should not emphasize that rice should come from only the Monsoon area. Rice is consumed as staple but in many ways and styles around the world. We started studying wet-land rice culture in the area of West Africa where the land is very dry, quite opposite from Monsoon area, along toward the Mediterranean area and to west Africa.In the first year, we studied wet-land rice and eating habits in the area of the Meric River in European Turkey, on the Kizilirmak river in the middle of Anatolia, on the Po river of Italy, on the Ebro river in the northeast of Spain and in North Tunisia. In the second year, we worked in Turkey, Egypt, Portugal, West Africa, Ghana, Cote d'lvore and Sierra Leone. As result, we found a kind of wide Rice Road from Turkey towards the eastern Mediterranean to west Africa.We were told that the rice cultivation started in China and moved to India. It is necessary to further study those two connections. In the third year, we followed the northern rice cultivation road from Pamir to the west, toward middle Asia, to the Caucasus along the Black Sea area of Turkey. We visited Kazakistan, Kirgistan and Uzbekistan.In the so called roof of the world, the Pamir plateau, the two big rivers, Sirdairiya and Amdariya, start to the north of the area. Along these two big rivers rice is cultivated. Particularly, along the upper stream of the Sirdariya east of Uzbekistan in the Fergana basin, Japonica rice is cultivated using river water. People in this area call rice or bran shali. In the upper stream Fergana basin the Uzgen of Kirgistan cultivate red rice. Uzgen rice is very precious and it is sold at twice the price of other rice. The Uzgen rice polof is very similar to the polou of Iran, the pilav of Turkey and the paella of Spain.

日本人一直认为，最重要的水稻是在东亚或东南亚的季风气候中种植的。他们认为日本生产的大米是世界上最好的大米之一。我们不应该强调水稻只来自季风区。大米作为主食消费，但在世界各地有许多方式和风格。我们开始在西非地区研究湿地水稻栽培，那里的土地非常干燥，与季风区正好相反，沿着向地中海地区和西非。第一年，我们在欧洲土耳其的梅里克河地区，安纳托利亚中部的克孜勒河地区，意大利的波河地区，位于西班牙东北部的埃布罗河和突尼斯北部。第二年，我们在土耳其、埃及、葡萄牙、西非、加纳、科特迪瓦和塞拉利昂工作。结果，我们发现了一条从土耳其到地中海东部再到西非的宽阔的水稻之路，我们被告知水稻种植始于中国，然后转移到印度。有必要进一步研究这两种联系。第三年，我们沿着北方水稻种植之路，从帕米尔向西，向中亚，沿着土耳其黑海地区到高加索。我们访问了哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦。在被称为世界屋脊的帕米尔高原，两条大河，锡尔代河和阿姆河，发源于该地区的北部。沿着这两条大河种植水稻。特别是在费尔干纳盆地乌兹别克斯坦东部的锡尔达里亚河上游沿着，利用河水种植粳稻。这个地区的人把米或糠叫做沙里。在费尔干纳河流域上游，吉尔吉斯斯坦的乌兹根人种植红米。乌兹根大米非常珍贵，售价是其他大米的两倍。乌兹根米饭与伊朗的波兰饭、土耳其的皮拉夫和西班牙的肉菜饭非常相似。