Antitumor Substances of the Mucilage-secrete Plants in W.U.S.A.

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Acetone, ethanol, and/or 70% aqueous ethanol extracts of 3 lichens and 83 species of higher plants (82 Spermatophytes and a Pteridophyte) (containing 46 species of plants with surface exudates), collected from SW Oregon and NW California in Summer of 1991, were tested for their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), their inhibitory effects on the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation, and their cytotoxic activities against cultured P-388 cancer cells, respectively.Significant inhibitory effects on HIV-1 RT were observed in 46 species and especially, ethanol extracts of polygonum majos, Purshia tridentata, Ceanothus integerrimus, Grindelia nana and other 2 species showed more potent inhibition than 20% at 0.5 mug/ml concentration. Furthermore, beta-sitosterol glucoside (IC_<50>=1.8 mug/ml) isolated from Purshia tridentata, and ursolic and betulinic acids (IC_<50>=1.4 and 0.8 mug/ml,respectively) from Amelanchier alnifolia var. pumila showed potent inhibition on HIV-1 RT. … More Acetone extracts of 15 species (Eriodictyon californicum and others) and ethanol extracts of 47 species (Sophora leachiana and others) showed significant inhibition on the EBV activation. Furthermore, 3 flavanones [5,7-(OH)_2 flavanone, etc.] isolated from E. californicum and 4 flavonols (ermarin, etc.) from Cordylanthus viscidus gave potent inhibition on the EBV activation.Cytotoxic activities against P-388 cells were examined in 115 extracts (57 species) which are giving no desirable results at present.Similarly, acetone, ethanol (or methanol), and/or 70% aqueous ethanol (or methanol) extracts of a lichen and 162 species of higher plants (160 Spermatophytes and 2 Pteridophytes), collected from SE Oregon in Summer of 1992 have been subjected to the before-mentioned three types of the biological tests. Up to date, it has been revealed that 9 extracts from Rosa woodsii, Ribes aureum, and other 3 species showed potent inhibitory activities on HIV-1 RT and 14 extracts from Pentagrama triangularis, Prunus emarginata and other 10 species, potent inhibitory effects on the EBV activation. Less