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Studies on the differences of single leaf photosynthesis among some rice varieties

部分水稻品种单叶光合作用差异研究

基本信息

批准号：
03660009
负责人：
KURODA Eiki
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Iwate University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03660009/
关键词：
Single leaf photosynthesis Total nitrogen content High yielding rice variety Varietal difference Chlorophyll content

项目摘要

The grain yield of rice, as well as other cereal crops, is limited to a large extent, by the supply of photosyntheses assimilated during the ripening period. In this study, yields, their components and the difference of single leaf photosynthesis (CER) after heading were compared among 11 varieties, the standard varieties in the northeast district of Japan and breeding strains to high yielding varieties, for two years from 1991 to 1992. Furthermore, CER, total nitrogen content in the leaves (TNC) and chlorophyll content (CHLC) were monitored from the heading stage to the late ripening stage on the flag leaves of the main stem and large tillers. The results are as follow:1. The yield of Ohuu 316, Ohuu 331 and Yamagata 22 were higher than that of Fujiminori and Hananomai owing to higher dry matter production and especially more spikelets number per unit area, the large difference in the yield from 600 kg/10a to 750 kg/10a were observed among the varieties, used as this experimental materials.2. CER, TNC and CHLC decreased gradually with increasing in leaf age after antesis to harvesting time and the degree of decrease in CER was greater than other two factors. However, if nitrogen was top- dressed at the heading stage, high CER was maintained, particularly in the nitrogen top-dressed plots.3. CER among varieties were significantly correlated with TNC and CHLC in leaves of various stage and of top-dressed plots, varietal difference in CER at any stage was closely associated with TNC and CHLC. However, the large dispersion were observed in CER even if they were compared under the same TNC and CHLC level at the late ripening stages and this was thought to be another basis for varietal difference in CER.4. From these results, it was suggested that, in order to clarify another physiological basis of the difference in CER under the same TNC level.further studies must be made on more detail.

水稻以及其它谷类作物的谷粒产量在很大程度上受到在成熟期同化的光合作用的供应的限制。1991 ~ 1992年连续两年对日本东北地区标准品种和高产品种选育系11个品种的产量、产量构成因素及抽穗后单叶光合作用差异进行了比较研究。在此基础上，从抽穗期到成熟后期，对水稻主茎和大蘖剑叶的CER、叶片全氮含量（TNC）和叶绿素含量（CHLC）进行了动态监测。其结果如下: 1.大缓316、大缓331和山形22的产量高于藤稔和花之麦，主要是由于其单位面积的干物质生产量和单位面积的颖花数较高，在600 ~ 750 kg/10 a的产量范围内，品种间的差异较大。从叶龄增加到收获期，CER、TNC和CHLC逐渐降低，且CER降低的幅度大于其他两个因子。然而，如果在抽穗期追施氮肥，特别是在追施氮肥的地块中，可保持高CER。品种间CER与各生育期叶片TNC、CHLC及追肥区叶片TNC、CHLC呈显著正相关，各生育期CER的品种间差异与TNC、CHLC密切相关。然而，即使在晚熟期在相同的TNC和CHLC水平下进行比较，也观察到CER存在较大的离散性，这被认为是CER的品种差异的另一个基础。结果提示，为了阐明在相同TNC水平下CER差异的另一个生理学基础，还需进一步进行更详细的研究。