Practical Study on Non-Tilled Farming in Paddy Field of Heavy Clay Soil

对八田田重粘土水田实行免耕的效果进行了总结：(1)节约劳动力和成本免耕减少了耕作和灌浆所需的劳动力和能源。因此，这有助于降低水稻种植成本，并在农民忙于其他工作时更好地分配劳动力。(2)降低地下水位提高透水性和承载能力由于植物根系的孔隙在土壤中不被破坏和保存，降低地下水位，改善水田排水。随着承载力的提高，联合收割机的管理操作和收获工作变得更加容易。(3)建立土壤管理技术，改善管道排水功能免耕耕作是一种有效的土壤管理技术，它有助于水稻根系的生长，改善重粘性土壤的物理性质。更重要的是，如果我们能发明将侧漏与植物根孔（植物根形成的大孔）连接起来的方法，可以改善管道排水的功能，延长管道排水的效果。(4)改重粘土水田为多用途水田排水的改善使重粘土水田改多用途水田成为可能，这是建立轮作制度所必需的，因为它为引进小麦和大豆作为水稻的二作形成了有利条件。(5)发展环保型农业我们可以预期免耕耕作将有助于环保型农业的发展，首先因为它可以摆脱经常因携带肥料和泥水而造成水污染的混浊，其次因为它可以减少因将割下的秸秆混合到犁层中而产生的甲烷量。第三，它保护了土壤微生物和微观土壤动物的生物圈。(6)稳定产量免耕耕作使水稻种植期间通过根系气孔向土层提供足够的氧气，使水稻根系在收获前保持活跃状态，使水稻在生长的最后阶段能够特别生长，从而保持产量的稳定。少

The effects by non-tilled farming in the heavy clay soil of paddy field in Hachiro-gata Polder are summarized as follows :(1) Labor and cost savingNon-tilled farming reduces labor and energy necessary for cultivation and puddling. This consequently, contributes to cost reduction in rice forming and to a better distribution of labor during that period when farmers are busy with other work.(2) Improvement of permeability and bearing capacity by the descent down of underground water levelAs the pores of plant roots are not destroyed and preserved in the soil, the underground water level is descended down and paddy field drainage is improved. With improvement of bearing capacity, management operation and harvesting work by combine become easier.(3) Establishment of soil management technique and improvement of pipe drainage functionNon-tilled farming can be an effective soil management technique, because it helps plant roots of rice to improve the physical properties of heavy clay soil. Fut … More her, if we could invent methods to connect lateral drains with pores of plant roots (macropore formed by plant roots), it could improve the function of pipe drainage and extend its effects.(4) Change paddy field of heavy clay soil into multipurpose paddy fieldImprovement of drainage makes it most probable to change paddy field of heavy clay soil into multipurpose paddy field which is necessary to establish crop rotation system, because it forms favorable conditions to introduce wheat and soybean cropping as second cropping of rice.(5) Development of agriculture of environmental conservation typeWe can expect non-tilled forming will contribute to the development of agriculture of environmental conservation type, firstly because it can get rid of muddling which often causes water pollution by carrying off fertilizer and muddy water, secondly because it can reduce the amount of methanegas which is generated by mixing cut straw into the plow layer, and thirdly because it conserves biological spheres of soil microorganisms and microscopic soil animals.(6) Stabilization of yieldNon-tilled forming keeps oxygen supply to soil layers through pores of plant roots sufficient during the rice cultivation period, so that rice roots, which remain active until the harvest, enables rice to grow specially at the last period of the growth, and consequently, to keep the yield stable. Less