Practical Study on Non-Tilled Farming in Paddy Field of Heavy Clay Soil

在Hachiro-gata Polder稻田重粘土上免耕的效果概括如下：(1)节省劳力和成本免耕可减少耕作和淤泥所需的劳力和能源。因此，这有助于降低水稻形成的成本，并在农民忙于其他工作的那段时间更好地分配劳动力。(2)通过降低地下水位来提高渗透性和承载能力，因为植物根的毛孔不会被破坏并保存在土壤中，地下水位下降，稻田排水得到改善。随着承载能力的提高，联合收割机的管理操作和收获工作变得更加容易。(3)土壤管理技术的建立和管道排水功能的改善免耕耕作可以成为一种有效的土壤管理技术，因为它有助于种植水稻根系，改善重粘性土壤的物理性质。FUT…此外，如果能发明将侧沟与植物根部的毛孔(由植物根部形成的大孔隙)连接起来的方法，可以改善管道排水的功能，扩大其效果。(4)将重粘土的稻田改为多用途稻田排水的改进使重粘土稻田最有可能变成建立轮作制度所必需的多用途稻田，因为这为引入小麦和大豆作为水稻的复种创造了有利的条件。(5)发展环境保护型农业可以预期免耕形成将为环境保护型农业的发展做出贡献。一是因为它可以摆脱因携带肥料和浑水而经常造成水污染的混泥，二是因为它可以减少秸秆还田时在耕层中产生的甲烷，三是因为它保存了土壤微生物和微型土壤动物的生物圈。(6)产量稳定免耕形成保持了水稻栽培期间通过植物根部毛孔向土层提供充足的氧气，使一直活跃到收获的水稻根系能够在水稻生长的最后时期特别生长，从而保持产量稳定。较少

The effects by non-tilled farming in the heavy clay soil of paddy field in Hachiro-gata Polder are summarized as follows :(1) Labor and cost savingNon-tilled farming reduces labor and energy necessary for cultivation and puddling. This consequently, contributes to cost reduction in rice forming and to a better distribution of labor during that period when farmers are busy with other work.(2) Improvement of permeability and bearing capacity by the descent down of underground water levelAs the pores of plant roots are not destroyed and preserved in the soil, the underground water level is descended down and paddy field drainage is improved. With improvement of bearing capacity, management operation and harvesting work by combine become easier.(3) Establishment of soil management technique and improvement of pipe drainage functionNon-tilled farming can be an effective soil management technique, because it helps plant roots of rice to improve the physical properties of heavy clay soil. Fut … More her, if we could invent methods to connect lateral drains with pores of plant roots (macropore formed by plant roots), it could improve the function of pipe drainage and extend its effects.(4) Change paddy field of heavy clay soil into multipurpose paddy fieldImprovement of drainage makes it most probable to change paddy field of heavy clay soil into multipurpose paddy field which is necessary to establish crop rotation system, because it forms favorable conditions to introduce wheat and soybean cropping as second cropping of rice.(5) Development of agriculture of environmental conservation typeWe can expect non-tilled forming will contribute to the development of agriculture of environmental conservation type, firstly because it can get rid of muddling which often causes water pollution by carrying off fertilizer and muddy water, secondly because it can reduce the amount of methanegas which is generated by mixing cut straw into the plow layer, and thirdly because it conserves biological spheres of soil microorganisms and microscopic soil animals.(6) Stabilization of yieldNon-tilled forming keeps oxygen supply to soil layers through pores of plant roots sufficient during the rice cultivation period, so that rice roots, which remain active until the harvest, enables rice to grow specially at the last period of the growth, and consequently, to keep the yield stable. Less