靴の素材および構造がヒトの衣服内気候と運動能力の遂行に与える影響

本实验于今年8月进行，目的是研究三种不同的鞋子对6名成年女性在烈日下行走和在阴凉处休息时的体温调节反应和服装微气候的影响。气温在阳光下为33℃~ 37℃，阴凉处为28℃~ 32℃，手套温度在35℃~ 41℃，风速在0.6 ~ 1.7msec。6名19-20岁的女学生自愿作为研究对象。实验使用的鞋子为步行鞋（重量350g）、网眼鞋（350g）和凉鞋（350g）。受试者穿着棉质长袖训练t恤和棉质裙子。测量项目为皮肤温度、服装小气候、直肠温度和主观感觉。他们在烈日下走到节拍器前，在阴凉处休息了10分钟。这些时间表重复了四次。主要结果如下：(1)在80 min的实验时间内，步行鞋组的直肠温度明显高于网眼鞋和凉鞋组。(2)步行鞋的鞋底和脚背部分皮肤温度明显高于网眼鞋和凉鞋。(3)步行和休息时，步行鞋的鞋底附近小气候温度显著高于网眼鞋和凉鞋。(4)穿步行鞋走路和休息时，鞋底附近的服装微气候湿度显著高于穿网眼鞋和凉鞋。从这些结果可以推测，步行鞋减少了从脚到周围环境的干热和湿热损失，导致直肠温度最高。目前的研究结果似乎表明，为了减少烈日下行走时的热负荷，选择合适的鞋子是很重要的。

The present experiments were carried out in August to clarify the effects of three different kinds of shoes on thermoregulatory responses and clothing microclimates in six adult women during walking under the blazing sun and rest in the shade.Air temperature ranged from 33℃ to 37℃ under the sun and from 28℃ to 32℃ in the shade,glove temperature from 35℃ to 41℃,wind velocities from 0.6 to 1.7msec.Six female students aged 19-20 years volunteered as subjects.The shoes used in experiments were walking shoes(weigth 350g),mesh shoes(350g)and sandals(350g).The subjects wore cotton training T-shirts with long sleeves and cotton skirts.The measurement items were skin temperature,clothing microclimate,rectal temperature and subjective sensations.They walked to the metronome under the blazing sun for 10 min and tookrest in the shade for 10 min.These schedules were repeated four times.Main results are summarized as follows:(1)Rectal temperatures were kept significantly higher in walking shoes throughout the experimental periods of 80 min,compared with those in mesh shoes and sandals.(2)Sole and instep skin temperatures were significantly higher in part in walking shoes than those in mesh shoes and sandals.(3)Clothing microclimate temperatures near sole were significantly higher mostly in walking shoes during walking and rest than those in mesh shoes and sandals.(4)Clothing microclimate humidities near sole were significantly higher mostly during walking and rest in walking shoes than those in mesh shoes and sandals.From these results,it is presumed that the dry and wet heat loss from feet to surroundings were reduced in walking shoes,resulting in the highest rectal temperatures.Present results seem to show that it is important to choose the shoes properly in order to reduce the thermoregulatory heat load during walking under the blazing sun.