Influence of the Arctic on mid-latitude weather and climate

北极对中纬度天气和气候的影响

• 批准号: 04041029
• 负责人: KIMURA Ryuji
• 金额: $ 25.6万
• 依托单位: University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04041029/
• 关键词: Arctic Storm; Arctic Canada; Heat Budget; Arctic Airmass; Blocking; Hexagonal Single Crystal Plates; Ice Multiplication; High Ice Crystal Concentration; 極気団; 気団形成; 熱収支; エアロゾル; 雲核; 氷晶核; ポーラーロウ; 降雪雲; 寒気流; 大気エアロゾル; カナダ内陸部; 寒帯前線; 低気圧

Observations on the energy budget were carried out from the middle of January to the middle of February, 1994, at Cambridge Bay, Northwest Territories, Canada. And using upper air data, which was obtained by A.E.S.(Atmospheric Environment Service), the heat budget analysis was also done. Furthermore, BASE (Beaufort and Arctic Storms Experiment) was conducted near the region of Beaufort Sea from the beginning of September to the middle of October, 1994. This experiment was included of the aircraft, radar and satellite observations. We set our dual polarization Doppler radar at Tuktoyaktuk, which is faced on Beaufort Sea, and observed Arctic storms during the BASE period.1.Some automated observations had been carried out at Cambridge Bay and Resolute N.W.T., Canada about vertical gradient of surface air temperature and air temperature from September 1992 to April 1993. In addition of them, air temperature and wind speed at the height of 20m, 40m and 66m had been measured at Cambridge Bay … More from September 1993 to April 1994. According to the observational results, negative gradients of air temperature are noted to take place due to the surface inversion caused by radiative cooling and due to apparent surface inversion caused warm advection after cold advection. Since the former and latter cases are considered to correspond to source and sink of cold air, respectively, in comparison between two observational points, it is marked that the occurrences probabilities of the former to latter cases were greater at Cambridge Bay. than that at Resolute.2.We observed wind and air temperature near the ground at Aerological station in Cambridge-Bay, North-west Territories, Canada (69.3 N,105.0 W) to make clear the characteristics of fluctuations of them and momentum and heat transports between atmosphere and the surface of the earth when cold air formed in Canadian Arctic in winter. We measured horizontal and vertical wind velocities and air temperature by ultra sonic anemometer (WAT-395) and recorded them by digital recorder (DR-F1) with 1 to 10 Hz sampling time. We cleared the characteristics of fluctuations of wind speed and air temperature using spectrum and wavelet analysis and momentum and heat transports using eddy correlation method.3.From 16 January to 7 February in 1994 snow crystals and ice crystals were observed at Cambridge Bay in Canada. Most of observed snow crystals had beautiful shapes and were inferred to fall through very cold saturated space after grown in thin stratus cloud. Hexagonal single crystal plates were found to grow in considerable high frequencies at temperatures below -25ﾟC and growth conditions of snow crystals of a few low temperature types were analyzed. Ice crystals formed in ice fog were also observed and it was found that ice fog can be divided into two types by the deference of crystal shapes.4.The Yamase circulation is a very cold NE-ly wind observed in the northern Japan in the summertime, and is directly driven by the pressure gradient between the Okhotsk High and the low pressure zone to the south of Japanese Islands. Generation mechanism of the Yamase circulation has been studied by analyzing objectively analyzed data of the upper air observations (NMC) and the gridded data of sea-ice concentrations over the Arctic ocean (NASA). The cold air mass brought by the Yamase circulation has been found to come from the Arctic ocean through the Bering Strait. Less

1994年1月中旬至2月中旬在加拿大西北地区的剑桥湾进行了能量收支观测。并利用高空资料，这是由A.E.S.（大气环境服务），还进行了热预算分析。1994年9月初至10月中旬在博福特海附近进行了博福特和北极风暴试验。这个实验包括了飞机、雷达和卫星的观测。我们将双极化多普勒雷达设置在Tuktoyaktuk，它面向博福特海，并在BASE期间观测了北极风暴。加拿大1992年9月至1993年4月地面气温和气温垂直梯度的资料。此外，还在剑桥湾进行了20 m、40 m和66 m高度的气温和风速的观测 ...更多信息 从1993年9月到1994年4月。观测结果表明，由于辐射冷却引起的地面逆温和冷平流后的暖平流引起的明显地面逆温，使气温出现负梯度。由于前一种情况和后一种情况分别对应于冷空气的源和汇，在两个观测点的比较中，前一种情况发生的概率明显大于后一种情况在剑桥湾的发生概率。2.通过对加拿大西北地区Cambridge-Bay（69.3N，105.0W）近地面风场和气温场的观测，研究了冬季冷空气在加拿大北极地区形成时，近地面风场和气温场的波动特征以及大气与地表之间的动量和热量输送。我们用超声波风速仪（WAT-395）测量了水平和垂直风速和空气温度，并用数字记录仪（DR-F1）以1至10 Hz的采样时间记录它们。利用谱分析和小波分析以及涡动相关方法分析了风速和气温的脉动特征。3. 1994年1月16日至2月7日在加拿大剑桥湾观测到了雪晶和冰晶。大多数观测到的雪晶具有美丽的形状，并被推断为在薄层云中生长后通过非常寒冷的饱和空间落下。发现在-25 ℃以下的温度下，异质单晶片以相当高的频率生长，并分析了几种低温类型的雪晶的生长条件。4.山濑环流是夏季在日本北方观测到的一种非常冷的东北风，它是由鄂霍次克高压和日本群岛南部低压区之间的气压梯度直接驱动的。通过对高空观测资料（NMC）和北冰洋海冰浓度格点资料（NASA）的客观分析，研究了山濑环流的形成机制。山濑环流带来的冷空气团来自北冰洋，通过白令海峡。少

项目成果

Akira Yamashita: "Morphology of giant ice polycrystals grown from the vapor." Physics and Chemistry of Ice. 311-317 (1992)

Akira Yamashita：“从蒸气中生长出的巨型冰多晶的形态。”

M.NAKATA,A.ASANO and A.YAMASHITA: "Morphology of giant ice polycrystals grown from the vapor." Physics and Chemistry of Ice. 311-317 (1992)

M.NAKATA、A.ASANO 和 A.YAMASHITA：“从蒸气中生长的巨型冰多晶的形态。”

木村龍治: "ヤマセの地球流体力学的側面" 気象研究ノート. 183. 91-105 (1995)

Ryuji Kimura：“山濑的地球水动力方面”气象研究笔记 183. 91-105 (1995)。

Kunio Rikiishi: "Yamase and height variation of 500hPa in the northern hemisphere" Kaiyo. 24. 359-363 (1992)

Kunio Rikiishi：“山濑和北半球 500hPa 的高度变化”Kaiyo。

坪木和久: "冬期季節風卓越時の日本海上に発生する帯状雲と渦状擾乱について。" 月刊海洋. 24. 350-358 (1992)

Kazuhisa Tsuboki：“关于盛行冬季季风期间日本海上空发生的云带和涡旋扰动。”月刊 Kaiyo（1992 年）。