A general study one social structure of the pre-modern megalopolises

日本前现代社会带来了三个罕见的大城市，我们可以称之为“超级大都市”。它们是近代早期的东京、大阪和京都。本文的研究主题是在日本城市研究近年来发展迅猛的基础上，试图从整体上厘清前现代超大城市的社会结构特征，并对其空间结构进行分析。因此，为了完成我们的研究，我们必须设定两个主题。（主题1）我们假设三个特大城市具有前现代城市的一些特征，呈现出最高的城堡城镇完整性。为了证明这一假设，我们收集了从sengoku政权（起源城堡）到信长和秀吉政权，再到bakuhansystem时期的城堡城镇的数据。我们不仅研究了这三大城市，还研究了日本的每一个城堡小镇，以便根据我们的主题进行更多的比较。研究的第一步是复制当时的文件、文字、图片和地图。第二步是对它们进行分类，我们把它们放在一起，以表明我们的论点，通过对它们的分析，我们的论点变得清晰起来，最后向公众开放我们长期研究的成果。（主题2）特大城市的本质是什么？特大城市的社会结构和空间结构特征是什么？(a)近代日本的特大城市(b)近代早期东亚的特大城市(c)伊斯兰世界的特大城市(d)前现代欧洲的特大城市。我们将(a) - (d)与日本的城市（包括上述三个最大的城市）进行了比较，并促进了日本历史与考古学、历史地理学等学科间的交流。如果没有这样的合作学习，我们就无法完成我们的学习计划。我们举行了一次中等规模的公开研讨会，为我们的联合讨论奠定了基础，并总结了研讨会的成果。今年作为最后一个年度报告，我们重点研究了第二个主题。我们在10月29/30日利用联合研究的结果举行了一次公开研讨会，约有100人参加了我们的研讨会。以“前现代大都市的社会与空间”为主题，进行了大规模的研究者联合讨论。我们将发布研讨会的提纲，以及主题1的结果。少

Japan pre-modern society brought about three rarely big cities, which we might call "megalopolis", in the world. They are Fdo, Osaka and Kyoto in early modern. The main theme of our study is to try to make clear, as a whole, the characteristics of the social structures of the pre-modern megaloplises, along with the analyzes of the spatial structures of them, on the basis of the development of the study on Japanese cites which has been surprisingly developing recently. So we have to set up two main themes for the purpose of achieving our study.(theme 1) We made a hypothesis that the three megalopolisis show the highest completeness castle town which have some characteristics of pre-modern cites. To prove this hypothesis, we have collected data of castle towns which we can date from sengoku-regime (genesis castle town) back to Nobunaga-and Hideyosi-regimes and further into bakuhan-system-period. We also studied not only these three big ones but also every castle town in Japan in order to … More compare them, according to our theme. The first step of the study was to copy documents writings, pictures and maps in those times. The second step was was to classify them and we put them in order to make our point of argument which became clear through the analyzes of them, and lastly to open the fruit of our long study to the public.(theme 2) What is the nature of being megalopolitan and what is the characteristics of social and spatial structure of a megalopolis?(a) megalopolisis in modern Japan(b) megalopolisis in early modern East Asia(c) cites in Isram world(d) megalopolisis in pre-modern EuropeWe compared (a) - (d) with Japanese cites including three biggest ones above mentioned, and also we promoted interdisciplinary exchange between Japanese history and archeology, historical geography etc. And without such co-operative studies we would not have been able accomplish our study plan. We held a middle-scale open symposium to acquire a basis for our joint discussion and summarized the results of the symposium.This year we laid emphasis on the study of the second theme as the last annual report year. We held an open symposium in October 29/30 by making use of the results of joint studies, and about 100 people jointed our symposium. The theme was "Society and Space of Pre-modern Megalopolisis" and held a joint discussion among the investigators on a large scale. We are going to issue the outline of the symposium, along with the results the theme No.1. Less