A Study on Reduction in Care Burden of the Families of the Bedridden and senile elderly

作者强调了一个始于1992年初步调查的项目。对文献记录的检查表明，由照顾者提供的家庭护理的质量取决于病人的疾病状态和/或疾病的程度，从而影响照顾者的约束和/或负担。为了全面掌握老年人的健康和生活状况，通过向居住在东京市区中央区的75岁及以上的老年人邮寄问卷进行了全面调查。在对5，043名受试者的调查中，有效回答为3，共获得409例，筛选出197例（5.8%）卧床不起的老年人，通过与其照顾者的访谈，评估其负担、身心状况和社会服务利用情况等，供应维生素的家庭。有效的资源 ...更多信息 1994年以1993年调查资料为基础，通过对110名被试的家庭访视和访谈，对需要护理服务的照顾者及其被试进行了护理干预，结果发现，照顾者的照顾负担中存在明显的情绪衰竭，其次是人格解体和/或个人成就感下降。护理负担的四个组成部分是：照顾者的功能，助理照顾者的功能，专业人员的功能和护理系统的功能。除照顾者的功能外，其他所有功能均位于压力防御线上，我们认为，随着压力防御线功能的发挥，照顾者的应对能力将得到提高，因此，照顾负担可能会减轻。为了减轻家庭的照顾负担，未来有必要对照顾负担的构成和/或结构进行多边评估，同时还需要提供信息和教育护理人员如何利用各种社会护理服务，因此，有必要对专业人员进行培训，以提高照顾者的能力以科普卧床不起和年老体衰的老人。少

The authors put emphasis on a project that began with a preliminary survey in 1992. An inspection of documented records made it obvious that the quality of home care given by caregivers depends on the status of illness and/or the degree of the disorder of the patients and, hence, influences the caregivers' restraint and/or burden.In 1993 an effective nursing intervention was done in response to the above progress, i.e., an all-inclusive survey was carried out by mailing questionnaires to the elderly age 75 and over who were living at home in the Chuo ward, urban Tokyo, in order to gain a comprehensive grasp of the health and caregiving status of the elderly.In response to the questionnairing on 5,043 subjects, valid responses of 3,409 were obtained and 197 (5.8%) of the bedridden and senile elderly were screened, through interviews with their caregivers to assess the burden, mental and physical status and the use of social services, etc., of the families who supply caregiving.Valid res … More ponses of 110 subjects were analyzed and as a result emotional exhaustion was remarkably observed in the care burden and then followed by depersonalization and/or decline in personal accomplishment.In 1994, using the data from the 1993 survey as a basis, a nursing intervention was done through home visits and interviews with caregivers and their subjects who need proper care services.From these home visits and interviews, the following four constituents of the care burden were extracted ; namely, the function of caregivers, the function of assistant caregivers, the function of professionals and the function of care systems. All the functions except that of caregivers were positioned at the line of stress defense, and in our view the caregiver's coping capability would be increased as the line of stress defense functions and, hence, the care burden might be reduced.In order to reduce the care burden of families, it is necessary to assess multilaterally the constituents and/or structures of care burden in the future, and at the same time the additional functions will be required to furnish information and educate the caregivers on how to utilize various social care services, thereby enabling them to cope with psychological stress effectively.These findings suggest that it is also necessary to complete the training of profesionals concerning feasible means that could promote the caregivers' abilities to cope with the bedridden and senile elderly. Less