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Comparative study on freedom of information and trade secret

信息自由与商业秘密的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
05041034
负责人：
YAMADA Takao
金额：
$ 3.2万
依托单位：
YOKOHAMA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05041034/
关键词：
Freedom of information Trade secret Privacy Public access Commercial confidentiality Nuclear information Intellectual property Environmental risk

项目摘要

1, It is a matter of social policy how the balance should be taken between commercial confidentiality and access to information owned by goverment. Each investigator focused on following subjects ;2, Yamada ; Comparative study on the following issues in U.S.A., Germany, England and Australia. 1) Right of access to information collected and kept by Goverment on the condition of confidentiality.2) Freedom of Information and trade secrets, and privacy.3, Sanbe ; Protection and disclosure of nuclear information in Sweden and in England. Sweden has The Freedom of The Press Act, the first legal system in the world administrating information owned by government. Generally the goverment is willing to disclose the nuclear information as possible, and there is no serious problems. U.K. has no legal system of administrating goverment owned information. The procedure of "Inquiry" which take place when the nuclear plant project are held is regarded effective means to get information on nuclear.4, Yamanaka, Ficsor, Liedes ; WIPO held Committees of experts to study Intellectual property issues arising from the developement of technology. All participated these committees. All participants agreed to strengthen the protection of intellectual property. But there are different opinions on the level of protection of the intellectual property relating to advanced technology.5, Kitamura ; Access to environmental information by citizen in U.S.A. and U.K. In U.S.A. Freedom of Information Act has made public access to environmental information easy to anybody. Environmental organizations are big customers to this system, through which they often file citizen suits against illegal disclosures. In the U.K., in the 1970s, emphasis was put upon informed choice of individual as well as stronger enforcement of environmental protection laws. Consequently, more and more statutes have particular provisions which make relevant information available to public access.

1、如何在商业机密和政府信息获取之间取得平衡是一个社会政策问题。每位研究者重点关注以下主题;2，山田;在美国对以下问题进行比较研究，德国、英国和澳大利亚。1)在保密条件下获得政府收集和保存的信息的权利。2）信息自由和商业秘密，以及隐私。3，Sanbe ;瑞典和英国核信息的保护和披露。瑞典的《新闻自由法》是世界上第一部管理政府信息的法律的制度。一般来说，政府愿意尽可能公开核信息，没有严重的问题。英国没有法律的制度来管理政府拥有的信息。在核电站项目举行时进行的“调查”程序被认为是获得核信息的有效手段。4，Yamanaka，Ficsor，Liedes ; WIPO举行了专家委员会，研究技术发展中出现的知识产权问题。所有人都参加了这些委员会。所有与会者都同意加强知识产权保护。但是，对于先进技术的知识产权保护水平，学术界存在着不同的看法。5、北村;美国和英国公民对环境信息的获取。在美国，《信息自由法》使任何人都能容易地获得环境信息。环保组织是这个系统的大客户，他们经常通过这个系统对非法披露提起公民诉讼。在英国，在1970年代，重点放在个人的知情选择以及更有力地执行环境保护法。因此，越来越多的法规有具体规定，使公众可以获得有关信息。