Water & Material Circulation in the Japan and East China Sea

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The Project "Water and Material Circulation in the Japan and East Chaina Seas" is an international cooperation research program supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan. It is generally Kwown as CREAMS project and recognized as one of the important activities of IOC/WESTPAC 'Ocean Dynamics and Climate II'. The goal of the program is to clarify the circulation of the marginal seas, to study associated basic processes and to contrust reliable numerical models for physical, chemical and biological studies.A feature of the project is its intensive effort to collect new date sets. In fact, basin-wide joint observations of the Japan Sea were carried out in summer (1993,1994) and in winter (1995) on board Russian research vessels. The observaional work included precise CTD to the bottom, water sampling for chemical study, release of surface drifters, deployment of moorings with current meters and sediment traps and physical and chemical measurments by means of a specially designed towing vehicle. To back up the observations, satellite infra-red images and altimeter date were colleced during the past two project years. Those new date sets were discussed in relation to results of numerical models, date analyzes, laboratory experiments and theory at international (open) symposium in Fukuoka (1994) and Seoul (1995).