Photoinduced Charge Transfer and Related Phenomena

电荷转移（CT）（或电子转移）是指电荷（或电子）从一个分子移动到另一个分子。光致CT （PCT）是由分子吸收光子引起的过程。CT是氧化还原反应的最普遍形式之一，因此是自然界中最基本的过程之一。光致CT仍然是非常普遍的，但它有自己的优点，因为它给系统提供光子能量，并给系统提供一种外部控制手段，而不是热电子转移。PCT在化学中出现在许多不同的领域：电荷交换反应和碰撞，气体和簇相中的电荷交换表面光化学反应，有机和无机合成和聚合物化学中的CT反应，光电化学，分子光导体和非线性光学材料中的CT相互作用以及照相和静电复印等光成像过程中的CT相互作用，以及在自然界中以光合作用的形式出现。双方将在特定的材料和特定的技能上进行合作研究。合作模式是：1)由两国选定的专家参加特定研究领域的信息交流研讨会；2)交换青年研究人员（日方：研究助理、博士后、研究技术人员和研究生；美方：助理教授、博士后和研究生）。他们在这里停留几周到一年，进行合作研究。iii)研究主任的短期访问。IMS作为一个“关键机构”，在教育、科学和文化部的计划中促进所有机构的合作计划。

The charge transfer (CT) (or electron transfer) is defined by a movement of a charge (or an electron) from one molecule to the other. The photoinduced CT (PCT) is the process which is induced by photon absorption by a molecule. CT is one of the most general form of oxidation-reduction reactions, and thus is one of the most fundamental processes in nature. Photoinduced CT is still very general, but it has its own merits, because it gives photon energy to the system and gives an external means of control to the system compared to thermal electron transfer.PCT appears in chemistry in many different areas : charge exchange reactions and collisions, charge exchange surface photochemical reactions in gas and in cluster phases, CT reactions in organic and inorganic synthesis and polymer chemistry, photo-electrochemistry, CT interactions in molecular photoconductors and non-linear optical materials and photoimaging processes like photography and xerography, and in nature in forms of photosynthesis. Collaborative studies will be made on specific materials with specific skills from both sides.The mode of collaborations is, i)information exchange seminars in specific area of research attended by a selected number of specialists from both countries, ii)exchange of young investigators (Japanese side : research associates, postdoctral fellows, research technical staffs, and graduate students, U.S. side : assistant professors, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students.) They stay for several weeks to one year to perform collaborative research., and iii)Short visits by research directors. IMS serves as a "key institution" to promote the collaborative program for all the institutions within the scheme of the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture.