Rural Economic Basis for Modern Democracy--Taisho, Showa, Heisei

我们研究了日本自大典时代以来的经济发展经验，并探讨了其与当代社会经济发展问题的比较。本文考察了大同民主主义的农村经济基础及其局限性、两战时期农村经济向战时的转变、战后的民主改革，以及农村经济的变化对国民经济的社会经济影响。我们试图将日本的经验与低发达国家的问题进行比较，明确农村民主的经济基础。我们成功地组织了三次会议：第一次是在1994年2月12日，第二次是在1995年2月18日，第三次是在1996年6月8日。第一部分的主要议题是：战前日本农村的收入分配、劳动力流动与农民文化、经济发展与农业剩余——东亚案例、1880-1930年地主投资证券、战后土地改革、战后农村社会转型。第二部分的主要议题是：大义民主时期地方政府的行政和财政结构、两次战争之间的城市财政、农业官僚小寺及其农民纠纷报告、战前农场家庭及其二儿子和三儿子问题、农场家庭/劳动力供给和人口。对于第三个，我们将重点转向政治和政治史，其结果将与我们四年的研究一起发表为“民主的崩溃与再生：跨学科方法”。

We have worked on the experience of Japan's economic development since Taisho-era and explored to compare it with the problems of contemporary socio-economic development. We have investigated the rural economic basis and its limit of Taiso-Democracy, the transformation of rural economy from the inter-wars period to the war times, the post-war democratic reform, and their socio-economic impact on the national economy by the change of rural economy. We have explored to compare the Japan's experience with the problems of low-developed countries and to make clear the rural economic basis for the democracy.We have organized three successful conference : first one on February 12,1994, second one on February 18,1995, and third one on June 8,1996. The main topics of the first one were : the income distribution of pre-war rural Japan, the labor mobility and farmers' culture, the economic development and agricultural surplus--East Aisan case, the landlords investment in securities 1880-1930, the post-war agrarian reform, the transformation towards post-war rural society. The main topics of the second one were : the administrative and financial structure of local governments during Taisho-Democracy, the largecity finance between the wars, the agricultural bureaucrat Kodaira and his report on peasants disputes, the pre-war farm family and its second and third sons problems, the farm family/labor supply and demography. For the third onewe rather shifted our emphasis towards the politics and political history, whose outcome will be published as "Breakdown and Regeneration of Democracy : Interdisciplinary Approach" together with our four-years research.