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A research or physiological and psychological responses of human beings to environmental conditi

人类对环境条件的生理和心理反应的研究

基本信息

批准号：
05402047
负责人：
YASUOKA Masahito
金额：
$ 12.35万
依托单位：
University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Evoked potential (EP) is a cortical response that occurs within 500 ms when sensory stimulus is presented to a person. Considering the mechanism of its generation, it reflects the primary sensory information processing in the brain. Measuring and analyzing EPs enables us to understand the relation between the sensory information in the environment and the person's response without leading him to evaluation.First of all, effect of attention on perception of sound was studied with measurement and analysis of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). AEPs are characteristic movements of potential in brain waves that are evoked by auditory stimulus within 500 msec, and of which later elements are said to be concerned with advanced psychological process of perception. Two experiments were made. In the first experiment, AEPs to 6 intensities of constant interval pink noise as auditory stimulus were recorded from vertex under eye-closed condition, and in the second, AEPs to 4 intensities of random i … More nterval pink noise were also recorded from vertex under eye-opened condition. In each experiment, 3 hearing conditions which had differences in attention to stimulus were set up. Response latencies to characteristic peak in later elements of AEPs that were called N1, P2, and N2 components and response amplitudes of N1-P2 and P2-N2 components were analyzed. Results of these two experiments showed that intensity of stimulus affected both response latencies and response amplitudes, that attention to stimulus affected response amplitudes of P2-N2 components, and that the character of interstimulus interval affected response latencies of N1 and P2 components. Considering that AEPs objectively suggest perception of sound, these results indicate that very low level sound of 33 dBA is also perceived under the condition of working with little attention to sound, and that predictability and attention make different perception of sound.Furthermore, to obtain some suggestions about effects of habituation on perception of noise, effects of habituation to noise stimuli on auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) that reflect the auditory information processing in the central nervous system are analyzed. In the experiment, pink noise of 33,40,50,70 dB (A) was repeatedly presented to subjects through loudspeaker in the soundproof room. One trial at each sound pressure level (SPL) took about ten minutes. Subjects were indicated to listen to noise stimuli (Condition (A)), or to do the calculation task without attention to noise (Conditon (B)). AEPs were measured from a subject at first, middle and latter part of a trial. The analysis reveals that response quantity of processing that corresponds to perceptual quantity is affected by intensity, attention, habituation to auditory information, and their interaction. Habituation only occurs at 70 dB (A) in the processing when auditory stimuli are not attended to, however it occurs at 50 dB (A) and above when it is listened to with attention. Less

诱发电位（EP）是当感觉刺激呈现给人时在500 ms内发生的皮层反应。从其产生机制上看，它反映了大脑对感觉信息的初级加工。测量和分析听觉诱发电位（AEPs）可以使我们在不引导人进行评价的情况下，了解环境中的感觉信息与人的反应之间的关系。首先，通过对听觉诱发电位（AEPs）的测量和分析，研究了注意对声音感知的影响。AEP是由听觉刺激在500毫秒内诱发的脑电波中的电位的特征性运动，并且其后面的元素据说与高级感知心理过程有关。做了两个实验。实验一是在闭眼条件下从头顶记录6个强度的等间隔粉红噪声听觉刺激的AEP，实验二是在闭眼条件下从头顶记录4个强度的随机粉红噪声听觉刺激的AEP，实验三是在闭眼条件下从头顶记录4个强度的随机粉红噪声听觉刺激的AEP。 ...更多信息在睁眼条件下，从头顶记录间隔粉红噪声。在每个实验中，设置了3个听觉条件，这些听觉条件对刺激的注意力存在差异。分析了AEP后期成分（N1、P2、N2成分）对特征峰的响应时间和N1-P2、P2-N2成分的响应幅度。实验结果表明，刺激强度影响反应潜伏期和反应幅度，对刺激的注意影响P_2-N_2成分的反应幅度，刺激间期的性质影响N_1和P_2成分的反应潜伏期。考虑到AEP客观地反映了对声音的感知，这些结果表明，在对声音注意较少的工作条件下，33 dBA的极低水平的声音也被感知到，并且可预测性和注意力使声音感知不同。摘要分析了噪声刺激习惯化对反映中枢神经系统听觉信息处理的听觉诱发电位（AEP）的影响。实验中，在隔音室内通过扬声器向受试者重复呈现33、40、50、70 dB（A）的粉红噪声。在每个声压级（SPL）下进行一次试验大约需要10分钟。受试者被指示听噪声刺激（条件（A）），或在不注意噪声的情况下进行计算任务（条件（B））。在试验的开始、中期和后期测量受试者的AEP。分析表明，与知觉量相对应的加工反应量受强度、注意、听觉信息习惯化及其交互作用的影响。当听觉刺激不被注意时，习惯化只发生在70 dB（A）的处理中，而当听觉刺激被注意时，习惯化发生在50 dB（A）或更高。少